ArticleInfection and immunity2012
Expression of either lethal toxin or edema toxin by Bacillus anthracis is sufficient for virulence in a rabbit model of inhalational anthrax.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of therapeutically administered gepotidacin in a rabbit model of inhalational anthrax.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Early Circulating Edema Factor in Inhalational Anthrax Infection: Does It Matter?Microorganisms · 2024Article
- A Novel Toll-Like Receptor 2 Agonist Protects Mice in a Prophylactic Treatment Model Against Challenge WithFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Article
- Development of Protective Immunity in New Zealand White Rabbits Challenged with Bacillus anthracis Spores and Treated with Antibiotics and Obiltoxaximab, a Monoclonal Antibody against Protective Antigen.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Using Telemetry Data to Refine Endpoints for New Zealand White Rabbits Challenged withJournal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2017Article
- A Bivalent Anthrax-Plague Vaccine That Can Protect against Two Tier-1 Bioterror Pathogens,Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Obiltoxaximab Prevents Disseminated Bacillus anthracis Infection and Improves Survival during Pre- and Postexposure Prophylaxis in Animal Models of Inhalational Anthrax.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2016Article
- Bacillus anthracis spore movement does not require a carrier cell and is not affected by lethal toxin in human lung models.Microbes and infection · 2016Article
- Nitric oxide production contributes to Bacillus anthracis edema toxin-associated arterial hypotension and lethality: ex vivo and in vivo studies in the rat.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2016Article
- Anthrax lethal toxin-induced lung injury and treatment by activating MK2.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2015Article
- Lethal factor, but not edema factor, is required to cause fatal anthrax in cynomolgus macaques after pulmonary spore challenge.The American journal of pathology · 2014Article
- Circulating lethal toxin decreases the ability of neutrophils to respond to Bacillus anthracis.Cellular microbiology · 2014Article
- In trans complementation of lethal factor reveal roles in colonization and dissemination in a murine mouse model.PloS one · 2014Article
- Article
- Modulation of the Bacillus anthracis secretome by the immune inhibitor A1 protease.Journal of bacteriology · 2014Article
- Bacillus anthracis has two independent bottlenecks that are dependent on the portal of entry in an intranasal model of inhalational infection.Infection and immunity · 2013Article
- Identification of novel host-targeted compounds that protect from anthrax lethal toxin-induced cell death.ACS chemical biology · 2013Article
- A New Murine Model for Gastrointestinal Anthrax Infection.PloS one · 2013Article
- Bacillus anthracis co-opts nitric oxide and host serum albumin for pathogenicity in hypoxic conditions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The development of therapeutics against biothreats requires that we understand the pathogenesis of the disease in relevant animal models. The rabbit model of inhalational anthrax is an important tool in the assessment of potential therapeutics against Bacillus anthracis. We investigated the roles of B. anthracis capsule and toxins in the pathogenesis of inhalational anthrax in rabbits by comparing infection with the Ames strain versus isogenic mutants with deletions of the genes for the capsule operon (capBCADE), lethal factor (lef), edema factor (cya), or protective antigen (pagA). The absence of capsule or protective antigen (PA) resulted in complete avirulence, while the presence of either edema toxin or lethal toxin plus capsule resulted in lethality. The absence of toxin did not influence the ability of B. anthracis to traffic to draining lymph nodes, but systemic dissemination required the presence of at least one of the toxins. Histopathology studies demonstrated minimal differences among lethal wild-type and single toxin mutant strains. When rabbits were coinfected with the Ames strain and the PA- mutant strain, the toxin produced by the Ames strain was not able to promote dissemination of the PA- mutant, suggesting that toxigenic action occurs in close proximity to secreting bacteria. Taken together, these findings suggest that a major role for toxins in the pathogenesis of anthrax is to enable the organism to overcome innate host effector mechanisms locally and that much of the damage during the later stages of infection is due to the interactions of the host with the massive bacterial burden.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.