ArticlePsychopharmacology2012
Treatment of cocaine withdrawal anxiety with guanfacine: relationships to cocaine intake and reinstatement of cocaine seeking in rats.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Substance use outcomes in cocaine-dependent tobacco smokers: A mediation analysis exploring the role of sleep disturbance, craving, anxiety, and depression.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2019Trial
- An open-label study of guanfacine extended release for traumatic stress related symptoms in children and adolescents.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2013Trial
- Yohimbine increases opioid-seeking behavior in heroin-dependent, buprenorphine-maintained individuals.Psychopharmacology · 2013Trial
- Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists Reduce Heavy Alcohol Drinking and Improve Cognitive Performance in Mice.eNeuro · 2026Article
- Polygenic risk and childhood adversity as moderators of drug and alcohol withdrawal symptoms.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Pharmacological Treatments for Methamphetamine Use Disorder: Current Status and Future Targets.Substance abuse and rehabilitation · 2024Review
- Therapeutics for Substance-Using Women: The Need to Elucidate Sex-Specific Targets for Better-Tailored Treatments.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2023Article
- The effects of cocaine exposure in adolescence: Behavioural effects and neuroplastic mechanisms in experimental models.British journal of pharmacology · 2022Review
- Brain systems in cocaine abstinence-induced anxiety-like behavior in rodents: A review.Addiction neuroscience · 2022Article
- Consideration of sex as a biological variable in the translation of pharmacotherapy for stress-associated drug seeking.Neurobiology of stress · 2021Review
- Dissociation Between Incubation of Cocaine Craving and Anxiety-Related Behaviors After Continuous and Intermittent Access Self-Administration.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
- Corticotropin Releasing Hormone Signaling in the Bed Nuclei of the Stria Terminalis as a Link to Maladaptive Behaviors.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- Sex differences in the effect of the FKBP5 inhibitor SAFit2 on anxiety and stress-induced reinstatement following cocaine self-administration.Neurobiology of stress · 2020Article
- Effects of theThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2020Article
- MicroRNA134 of Ventral Hippocampus Is Involved in Cocaine Extinction-Induced Anxiety-like and Depression-like Behaviors in Mice.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2020Article
- Effects of cocaine base paste on anxiety-like behavior and immediate-early gene expression in nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex of female mice.Psychopharmacology · 2019Article
- Cholinergic Receptor Blockade in the VTA Attenuates Cue-Induced Cocaine-Seeking and Reverses the Anxiogenic Effects of Forced Abstinence.Neuroscience · 2019Article
- Dorsal BNST αThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2018Article
- Switch from excitatory to inhibitory actions of ethanol on dopamine levels after chronic exposure: Role of kappa opioid receptors.Neuropharmacology · 2016Article
- The individual and combined effects of phenmetrazine and mgluR2/3 agonist LY379268 on the motivation to self-administer cocaine.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleSuccessful treatment of cocaine addiction is severely impeded by the propensity of users to relapse. Withdrawal severity may serve as a key predictor of susceptibility to relapse. Therefore, the identification and treatment of cocaine withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety may improve addiction treatment outcome.
objectivesThe current study examined the role of anxiety-like behavior during cocaine withdrawal and anxiolytic treatment in reinstatement of cocaine seeking in an animal model of relapse.
methodsMale rats experienced daily IV cocaine self-administration. One group of animals received the norepinephrine α-2 agonist, guanfacine, or vehicle prior to anxiety testing 48 h after the last self-administration session. In the second group of rats, relationships between cocaine intake, anxiety-like behavior after withdrawal of cocaine, and reinstatement responding were investigated. The third and fourth groups of animals received guanfacine, yohimbine (norepinephrine α-2 antagonist), or vehicle once per day for 3 days 48 h after cessation of cocaine self-administration, followed by extinction and subsequent reinstatement induced by cocaine injections, cocaine-paired cues, and yohimbine administration.
resultsCocaine-withdrawn rats at 48 h demonstrated higher levels of anxiety-like behavior as measured on a defensive burying task when compared to yoked saline controls, an effect reversed by guanfacine treatment. Cocaine intake was positively correlated with measures of anxiety-like behavior during early withdrawal, and this anxiety-like behavior was significantly correlated with subsequent cocaine-primed reinstatement. Yohimbine treatment during early withdrawal increased reinstatement to conditioned cues, while guanfacine treatment reduced reinstatement to yohimbine.
conclusionsThese studies suggest an important role for noradrenergic mediation of anxiety-like behavior that emerges after withdrawal of cocaine and potential risk of relapse as modeled by reinstatement, and suggest that treatment of anxiety symptoms during early abstinence may reduce the risk of relapse.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.