ArticleProteomics2012
Deciphering the proteome of the in vivo diagnostic reagent "purified protein derivative" from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Article in Proteomics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Serve as a Virulence Factor - Current Research Applications.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- ESAT-6 and CFP-10 reactive IgG in patients with tuberculosis inhibits intracellular bacteria.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Improved Isolation Optimizes Downstream Application of Extracellular Vesicles Derived fromMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Antigen specificity shapes antibody functions in tuberculosis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Latent Tuberculosis: Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment, Perspectives, and the Crucial Role of Biomarkers.Current microbiology · 2023Review
- Tuberculosis and Autoimmunity.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2022Review
- Proteome characterization of the culture supernatant ofBiochemistry and biophysics reports · 2021Article
- Insights into the molecular determinants involved inVirulence · 2021Review
- The knowns and unknowns of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Review
- Skin tests for the detection of Mycobacterial infections: achievements, current perspectives, and implications for other diseases.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Review
- TB or not to be: what specificities and impact do antibodies have during tuberculosis?Oxford open immunology · 2021Review
- Immunotherapy of COVID-19 with Bacille Calmette - Guerin: Where is the missing red herring?Southern African journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- The single recombinant M. tuberculosis protein DPPD provides enhanced performance of skin testing among HIV-infected tuberculosis patients.AMB Express · 2020Article
- Capsular glycan recognition provides antibody-mediated immunity against tuberculosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Article
- The Many Hosts of Mycobacteria 8 (MHM8): A conference report.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2020Review
- Mycobacteria-Specific T Cells Are Generated in the Lung During Mucosal BCG Immunization or Infection WithFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Diagnosis for Latent Tuberculosis Infection: New Alternatives.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Spectroscopic Characterization of Bovine, Avian and Johnin Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) with High-Throughput Fourier Transform InfraRed-Based Method.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- HIV Infection Is Associated With Downregulation of BTLA Expression onFrontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Updates on antibody functions in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and their relevance for developing a vaccine against tuberculosis.Current opinion in immunology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Purified protein derivative (PPD) has served as a safe and effective diagnostic reagent for 60 years and is the only broadly available material to diagnose latent tuberculosis infections. This reagent is also used as a standard control for a number of in vitro immunological assays. Nevertheless, the molecular composition and specific products that contribute to the extraordinary immunological reactivity of PPD are poorly defined. Here, a proteomic approach was applied to elucidate the gene products in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standard PPD-S2. Many known Mycobacterium tuberculosis T-cell antigens were detected. Of significance, four heat shock proteins (HSPs) (GroES, GroEL2, HspX, and DnaK) dominated the composition of PPD. The chaperone activities and capacity of these proteins to influence immunological responses may explain the exquisite solubility and immunological potency of PPD. Spectral counting analysis of three separate PPD reagents revealed significant quantitative variances. Gross delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses in M. tuberculosis infected guinea pigs were comparable among these PPD preparations; however, detailed histopathology of the DTH lesions exposed unique differences, which may be explained by the variability observed in the presence and abundance of early secretory system (Esx) proteins. Variability in PPD reagents may explain differences in DTH responses reported among populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.