ReviewAsian journal of andrology2012
Why are epididymal tumours so rare?
Review in Asian journal of andrology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Novel Selective Anticancer Effect of Epididymis-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Against HCC38 and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Targeting mutantUrology case reports · 2026Article
- The single-cell atlas of the epididymis in mice reveals the changes in epididymis function before and after sexual maturity.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- P2 purinergic receptor dysregulation in urologic disease.Purinergic signalling · 2022Review
- The Application of Scrotoscope-Assisted Minimally Invasive Excision for Epididymal Mass: An Initial Report.Frontiers in surgery · 2022Article
- Self-renewal and differentiation of rat epididymal basal cells using a novel in vitro organoid model†.Biology of reproduction · 2021Article
- Contemporary analysis of epididymal tumors using a national database.Central European journal of urology · 2021Article
- From initial segment to cauda: a regional characterization of mouse epididymal CD11cAmerican journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2020Article
- How bad is brazilian ginseng extract for reproductive parameters in mice?Histology and histopathology · 2020Article
- Differential expression and localisation of TGF-β isoforms and receptors in the murine epididymis.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- The Immune Characteristics of the Epididymis and the Immune Pathway of the Epididymitis Caused by Different Pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Clinicopathological Characteristics, Treatment, and Prognosis of Rarely Primary Epididymal Adenocarcinoma: A Review and Update.BioMed research international · 2017Review
- Primary Malignant B-cell Lymphoma of the Epididymis.Urology case reports · 2016Article
- Macrophages and dendritic cells in the post-testicular environment.Cell and tissue research · 2016Review
- A functional screen identifies miRNAs that inhibit DNA repair and sensitize prostate cancer cells to ionizing radiation.Nucleic acids research · 2015Article
- Next Generation Sequencing Analysis Reveals Segmental Patterns of microRNA Expression in Mouse Epididymal Epithelial Cells.PloS one · 2015Article
- In-depth Proteomic mapping of mouse (Mus musculus) epididymal constructive basis for sperm maturation.Proteome science · 2015Article
- Mononuclear phagocytes rapidly clear apoptotic epithelial cells in the proximal epididymis.Andrology · 2014Article
- The epididymal immune balance: a key to preserving male fertility.Asian journal of andrologyReview
- Interpreting histopathology in the epididymis.SpermatogenesisReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Epididymal tumour incidence is at most 0.03% of all male cancers. It is an enigma why the human epididymis does not often succumb to cancer, when it expresses markers of stem and cancer cells, and constitutively expresses oncogenes, pro-proliferative and pro-angiogenic factors that allow tumour cells to escape immunosurveillance in cancer-prone tissues. The privileged position of the human epididymis in evading tumourigenicity is reflected in transgenic mouse models in which induction of tumours in other organs is not accompanied by epididymal neoplasia. The epididymis appears to: (i) prevent tumour initiation (it probably lacks stem cells and has strong anti-oxidative mechanisms, active tumour suppressors and inactive oncogene products); (ii) foster tumour monitoring and destruction (by strong immuno-surveillance and -eradication, and cellular senescence); (iii) avert proliferation and angiogenesis (with persistent tight junctions, the presence of anti-angiogenic factors and misplaced pro-angiogenic factors), which together (iv) promote dormancy and restrict dividing cells to hyperplasia. Epididymal cells may be rendered non-responsive to oncogenic stimuli by the constitutive expression of factors generally inducible in tumours, and resistant to the normal epididymal environment, which mimics that of a tumour niche promoting tumour growth. The threshold for tumour initiation may thus be higher in the epididymis than in other organs. Several anti-tumour mechanisms are those that maintain spermatozoa quiescent and immunologically silent, so the low incidence of cancer in the epididymis may be a consequence of its role in sperm maturation and storage. Understanding these mechanisms may throw light on cancer prevention and therapy in general.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.