ArticleHealth & place2012
Area variations in health: a spatial multilevel modeling approach.
Article in Health & place, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Application of Hierarchical/Multilevel Models and Quality of Reporting (2010-2020): A Systematic Review.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2024Pooled it
- Research on neighborhood effects on health in the United States: A systematic review of study characteristics.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2016Pooled it
- Ten Healthcare Delivery Trends and Their Measurement and Methodological Implications for Cancer Health Services Research.Health services research · 2026Article
- Developing an Index to Measure Structural Racism: Methodological Process, Challenges, and Considerations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Assessing the impact of neighborhood structures in Bayesian disease mapping.Journal of applied statistics · 2026Article
- Article
- Digital economy and high-quality development of the healthcare industry.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Variegated spatial-temporal landscape of COVID-19 infection in England: findings from spatially filtered multilevel models.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Regional Differences, Dynamic Evolution and Convergence of Public Health Level in China.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Association between maternal exposure to chemical fertilizer and the risk of birth defects in a rural population in northern China: a population-based study.International health · 2023Article
- Structural Racism as an Environmental Justice Issue: A Multilevel Analysis of the State Racism Index and Environmental Health Risk from Air Toxics.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- Spatial disparities in impoverishing effects of out-of-pocket health payments in Malawi.Global health action · 2022Article
- Small area variations in low birth weight and small size of births in India.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Article
- Algorithmic hospital catchment area estimation using label propagation.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Spatial Inequalities and Influencing Factors of Self-Rated Health and Perceived Environmental Hazards in a Metropolis: A Case Study of Zhengzhou City, China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Spatial variation and association between maternal chemical fertilizer exposure and preterm birth in a rural area in Northern China.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Alcohol- and Drug-Related Mortality Among Adults Within and Outside the U.S.-Mexico Border Region.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2022Article
- Precision mapping child undernutrition for nearly 600,000 inhabited census villages in India.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Geographic patterns and socioeconomic differences in the nutritional quality of household packaged food purchases in the United States.Health & place · 2021Article
- Aging Policy From a Multilayered Geographic and Life Course Perspective.The Public policy and aging report · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Both space and membership in geographically-embedded administrative units can produce variations in health, resulting in geographic clusters of good and poor health. Despite important differences between these two types of dependence, one is easily mistaken for the other, and the possibility that both are at work is commonly ignored. We fit a series of hierarchical and spatially-explicit multilevel models to a U.S. county-level life dataset of life expectancy in 1999 to demonstrate approaches for data analysis and interpretation when multiple sources of area-clustering are present. We demonstrate the methods to detect, interpret, and differentiate evidence of spatial and geographic membership effects and discuss key considerations for analyzing data with spatial or/and membership dimensions. We find evidence that life expectancy is driven by both within-state geographic process, and by spatial processes. We argue that considering spatial and membership processes simultaneously yields valuable insights into the patterning of area variations in health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.