ArticleGastroenterology2012
Intestinal microbes affect phenotypes and functions of invariant natural killer T cells in mice.
Article in Gastroenterology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers.
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Who cites it
133 citing papers in PubMed, 215 citations in OpenAlex.
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- CD1d+ Goblet Cells Expand Colon-Resident Immature, Intermediate and Differentiated iNKT Cells to Limit Colitis.Research square · 2025Article
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- Intestinal mucosal immunity and type 1 diabetes: Non-negligible communication between gut and pancreas.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Can invariant Natural Killer T cells drive B cell fate? a look at the humoral response.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Invariant Natural Killer T lymphocytes as natural sensors for microbes: a two-edged sword in liver diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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- Role of innate T cells in necrotizing enterocolitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Insights into the heterogeneity of iNKT cells: tissue-resident and circulating subsets shaped by local microenvironmental cues.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Correlation between the gut microbiota characteristics of hosts with severe acute pancreatitis and secondary intra-abdominal infection.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- CSF-1R+ Macrophages Control the Gut Microbiome-Enhanced Liver Invariant NKT Function through IL-18.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Aging unconventionally: γδ T cells, iNKT cells, and MAIT cells in aging.Seminars in immunology · 2023Review
- Unconventional immune cells in the gut mucosal barrier: regulation by symbiotic microbiota.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2023Review
- Lipids regulate peripheral serotonin release via gut CD1d.Immunity · 2023Article
- Selenium Mitigates Ammonia-Induced Neurotoxicity by Suppressing Apoptosis, Immune Imbalance, and Gut Microbiota-Driven Metabolic Disturbance in Fattening Pigs.Biological trace element research · 2023Article
- Innate lymphoid cells and innate-like T cells in cancer - at the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2023Review
- Role of CD1d and iNKT cells in regulating intestinal inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
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- Immune Impairment Associated with Vitamin A Deficiency: Insights from Clinical Studies and Animal Model Research.Nutrients · 2022Review
- The role of unconventional T cells in maintaining tissue homeostasis.Seminars in immunology · 2022Review
73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsInvariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells undergo canonical, Vα14-Jα18 rearrangement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) in mice; this form of the TCR recognizes glycolipids presented by CD1d. iNKT cells mediate many different immune reactions. Their constitutive activated and memory phenotype and rapid initiation of effector functions after stimulation indicate previous antigen-specific stimulation. However, little is known about this process. We investigated whether symbiotic microbes can determine the activated phenotype and function of iNKT cells.
methodsWe analyzed the numbers, phenotypes, and functions of iNKT cells in germ-free mice, germ-free mice reconstituted with specified bacteria, and mice housed in specific pathogen-free environments.
resultsSpecific pathogen-free mice, obtained from different vendors, have different intestinal microbiota. iNKT cells isolated from these mice differed in TCR Vβ7 frequency and cytokine response to antigen, which depended on the environment. iNKT cells isolated from germ-free mice had a less mature phenotype and were hyporesponsive to activation with the antigen α-galactosylceramide. Intragastric exposure of germ-free mice to Sphingomonas bacteria, which carry iNKT cell antigens, fully established phenotypic maturity of iNKT cells. In contrast, reconstitution with Escherichia coli, which lack specific antigens for iNKT cells, did not affect the phenotype of iNKT cells. The effects of intestinal microbes on iNKT cell responsiveness did not require Toll-like receptor signals, which can activate iNKT cells independently of TCR stimulation.
conclusionsIntestinal microbes can affect iNKT cell phenotypes and functions in mice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.