ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982)2012
Macro-level gender equality and alcohol consumption: a multi-level analysis across U.S. States.
Article in Social science & medicine (1982), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between macro-level structural discrimination and alcohol outcomes: A systematic review.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Pooled it
- Macro-level determinants of gender differences in the prevalence of major depression and alcohol use disorder in the United States and across Europe.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Article
- Harms to children from men's heavy drinking: A scoping review.International journal of alcohol and drug research · 2024Article
- Watching the fall of Roe v. Wade: Media exposure relates to U.S. women's alcohol use intentions.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2024Article
- Can alcohol policy prevent harms to women and children from men's alcohol consumption? An overview of existing literature and suggested ways forward.The International journal on drug policy · 2023Review
- Hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorders.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2022Review
- Structural sexism and Women's alcohol use in the United States, 1988-2016.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Article
- A gender-focused multilevel analysis of how country, regional and individual level factors relate to harm from others' drinking.Drugs (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- Women's status, breastfeeding support, and breastfeeding practices in the United States.PloS one · 2022Article
- Gender Equality and Health in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Within-Country Indicators of Gender Equality in Relation to Health Outcomes.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2021Review
- Gender Equality, Drinking Cultures and Second-Hand Harms from Alcohol in the 50 US States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Is gender inequity a risk factor for men reporting poorer self-rated health in the United States?PloS one · 2018Article
- The Harms That Drinkers Cause: Regional Variations Within Countries.International journal of alcohol and drug research · 2018Article
- Does gender inequity increase men's mortality risk in the United States? A multilevel analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study.SSM - population health · 2017Article
- Gender differences and gender convergence in alcohol use over the past three decades (1984-2008), The HUNT Study, Norway.BMC public health · 2016Article
- Current Trends in the study of Gender Norms and Health Behaviors.Current opinion in psychology · 2015Article
- Women's relative immunity to the socio-economic health gradient: artifact or real?Global health action · 2015Article
- Changes in alcohol use and relationship satisfaction in Norwegian couples during pregnancy.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Higher levels of women's alcohol consumption have long been attributed to increases in gender equality. However, only limited research examines the relationship between gender equality and alcohol consumption. This study examined associations between five measures of state-level gender equality and five alcohol consumption measures in the United States. Survey data regarding men's and women's alcohol consumption from the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were linked to state-level indicators of gender equality. Gender equality indicators included state-level women's socioeconomic status, gender equality in socioeconomic status, reproductive rights, policies relating to violence against women, and women's political participation. Alcohol consumption measures included past 30-day drinker status, drinking frequency, binge drinking, volume, and risky drinking. Other than drinker status, consumption is measured for drinkers only. Multi-level linear and logistic regression models adjusted for individual demographics as well as state-level income inequality, median income, and % Evangelical Protestant/Mormon. All gender equality indicators were positively associated with both women's and men's drinker status in models adjusting only for individual-level covariates; associations were not significant in models adjusting for other state-level characteristics. All other associations between gender equality and alcohol consumption were either negative or non-significant for both women and men in models adjusting for other state-level factors. Findings do not support the hypothesis that higher levels of gender equality are associated with higher levels of alcohol consumption by women or by men. In fact, most significant findings suggest that higher levels of equality are associated with less alcohol consumption overall.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.