ArticleJournal of innate immunity2012
Signaling pathways mediating chemokine induction in keratinocytes by cathelicidin LL-37 and flagellin.
Article in Journal of innate immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Synthesis and evaluation of KR-12, an LL-37 fragment, and its short-chain fatty acid derivatives: selective cytotoxicity in colorectal cancer cells and anti-tumor efficacy in an azoxymethane/DSS-induced colitis-associated cancer mouse model.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Article
- Unveiling mechanisms of antimicrobial peptide: Actions beyond the membranes disruption.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Biological Function of Antimicrobial Peptides on Suppressing Pathogens and Improving Host Immunity.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Antimicrobial Peptide Cathelicidin Exerts Immunomodulatory Effects via Scavenger Receptors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Role of antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin in thrombosis and thromboinflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Host Defence Peptides: A Potent Alternative to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- LL-37 and Double-Stranded RNA Synergistically Upregulate Bronchial Epithelial TLR3 Involving Enhanced Import of Double-Stranded RNA and Downstream TLR3 Signaling.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Article
- Inflammatory Response Mechanisms of the Dentine-Pulp Complex and the Periapical Tissues.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Human host defense peptide LL-37 facilitates double-stranded RNA pro-inflammatory signaling through up-regulation of TLR3 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2020Article
- Cathelicidin Host Defense Peptides and Inflammatory Signaling: Striking a Balance.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Cathelicidins Modulate TLR-Activation and Inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Murine and Human Cathelicidins Contribute Differently to Hallmarks of Mastitis Induced by PathogenicFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Differential Expression of Antimicrobial Peptides in Streptococcus pneumoniae Keratitis and STAT3-Dependent Expression of LL-37 by Streptococcus pneumoniae in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- What Can Pleiotropic Proteins in Innate Immunity Teach Us about Bioconjugation and Molecular Design?Bioconjugate chemistry · 2018Review
- Cathelicidins InhibitJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- Comparative efficacy analysis of anti-microbial peptides, LL-37 and indolicidin upon conjugation with CNT, in human monocytes.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2017Article
- The immunology of host defence peptides: beyond antimicrobial activity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2016Review
- Vitamin D3 modulates the innate immune response through regulation of the hCAP-18/LL-37 gene expression and cytokine production.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cathelicidin LL-37 is a multifunctional immunomodulatory and antimicrobial host defense peptide that has an important role in the immune defenses of the skin and other epithelial barriers. We have previously demonstrated that at physiological concentrations LL-37 synergistically augments the production of immune mediators in response to microbial compounds in human primary keratinocytes. Here we define the signaling mechanisms responsible for this activity. We demonstrate that inhibition of Src family kinases (SFKs) strongly inhibited the synergistic chemokine production in response to LL-37 and flagellin in keratinocytes. SFK activation was induced by LL-37 stimulation and was required for the downstream activation of Akt (protein kinase B) and the transcription factors CREB and ATF1. In cells stimulated with LL-37 and flagellin together, Akt activation was primarily induced by LL-37, while both flagellin and LL-37 contributed to the activation of CREB and ATF1 and consequently chemokine induction. The purinergic receptor P2X₇ was identified as the receptor upstream of SFK activation in LL-37-stimulated keratinocytes. Overall, these findings established the P2X₇-SFK-Akt-CREB/ATF1 signaling pathway activated by LL-37 in primary keratinocytes. These signaling mechanisms mediated the synergistic effects of LL-37 on chemokine production in flagellin-stimulated keratinocytes, and thus might have a role in the immune defenses of the skin and possibly other epithelial barriers.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.