ReviewAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2012
Vitamin K status and vascular calcification: evidence from observational and clinical studies.
Review in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin K for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Biological Systems of Vitamin K: A Plasma Nutriproteomics Study of Subclinical Vitamin K Deficiency in 500 Nepalese Children.Omics : a journal of integrative biology · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Diet patterns are associated with progression of coronary artery calcification and differ across race/ethnicity: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Mineral and Bone Disease in CKD and Kidney Transplantation: Controversies, Gaps, and a Path Forward.Kidney international reports · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and inter-organ fibrosis crosstalk of Gla proteins in cardiovascular disease.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Vitamin K Deficiency and Thrombophilia in Pregnancy: A Fine Balance Between Bleeding and Thrombus Formation-Insights from a Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Metabolic Drivers of Valve Calcification and Atrial Remodeling in Calcific Aortic Stenosis.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Calcimimetics and CaSR signaling in CKD-MBD: bone-immune-vascular crosstalk and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Molecular insights into the comorbidity of vitamin K-dependent clotting factor deficiency and chondrodysplasia punctata.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2025Article
- Enhancement of Menaquinone-7 production in Bacillus subtilis by optimizing the medium components through response surface methodology.Bioresources and bioprocessing · 2025Article
- Considerations on the Development of Therapeutics in Vascular Calcification.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Review
- Prevalence of Vitamin K2 Deficiency and Its Association with Coronary Artery Disease: A Case-Control Study.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The associations between functional vitamin K status and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease and end-stage kidney disease in persons with type 1 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Enhancing menaquinone-7 biosynthesis through strengthening precursor supply and product secretion.Bioprocess and biosystems engineering · 2024Article
- Similarities and Differences of Vascular Calcification in Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Review
- Risk Factors for Medial and Intimal Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery Calcification in Men and Women with Cardiovascular Disease: The UCC-SMART Study.Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Vitamin A, D, E, and K as Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/9 Regulators That Affect Expression and Enzymatic Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Enhanced vitamin K2 production by engineered Bacillus subtilis during leakage fermentation.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2023Article
- The Effect of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on the Menaquinone-7 Isomer Composition and Synthesis of the Biologically Significant All-Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Vascular calcification occurs when calcium accumulates in the intima (associated with atherosclerosis) and/or media layers of the vessel wall. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) reflects the calcium burden within the intima and media of the coronary arteries. In population-based studies, CAC independently predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. A preventive role for vitamin K in vascular calcification has been proposed based on its role in activating matrix Gla protein (MGP), a calcification inhibitor that is expressed in vascular tissue. Although animal and in vitro data support this role of vitamin K, overall data from human studies are inconsistent. The majority of population-based studies have relied on vitamin K intake to measure status. Phylloquinone is the primary dietary form of vitamin K and available supplementation trials, albeit limited, suggest phylloquinone supplementation is relevant to CAC. Yet observational studies have found higher dietary menaquinone, but not phylloquinone, to be associated with less calcification. Vascular calcification is highly prevalent in certain patient populations, especially in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and it is plausible vitamin K may contribute to reducing vascular calcification in patients at higher risk. Subclinical vitamin K deficiency has been reported in CKD patients, but studies linking vitamin K status to calcification outcomes in CKD are needed to clarify whether or not improving vitamin K status is associated with improved vascular health in CKD. This review summarizes the available evidence of vitamin K and vascular calcification in population-based studies and clinic-based studies, with a specific focus on CKD patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.