ReviewHormones and behavior2012
Sex effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes of innate immune activation during prenatal and neonatal life.
Review in Hormones and behavior, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Maternal inflammation and oxidative stress during pregnancy in relation to early childhood neurodevelopment.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Association between redox dysregulation and vulnerability to cognitive deficits induced by maternal immune activation.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- IL-6 and IL-8: An Overview of Their Roles in Healthy and Pathological Pregnancies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Increased Excitatory Synaptic Transmission Associated with Adult Seizure Vulnerability Induced by Early-Life Inflammation in Mice.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
- Maternal separation leads to regional hippocampal microglial activation and alters the behavior in the adolescence in a sex-specific manner.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2020Article
- Article
- Maternal immune conditions are increased in males with autism spectrum disorders and are associated with behavioural and emotional but not cognitive co-morbidity.Translational psychiatry · 2020Article
- Therapeutic efficacy of environmental enrichment on behavioral, endocrine, and synaptic alterations in an animal model of maternal immune activation.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2020Article
- Maturation of the Acute Hepatic TLR4/NF-κB Mediated Innate Immune Response Is p65 Dependent in Mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Maternal and early postnatal immune activation produce sex-specific effects on autism-like behaviors and neuroimmune function in mice.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Early Life Inflammation Increases CA1 Pyramidal Neuron Excitability in a Sex and Age Dependent Manner through a Chloride Homeostasis Disruption.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2019Article
- Prenatal Developmental Origins of Future Psychopathology: Mechanisms and Pathways.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2019Review
- The PPARα agonist fenofibrate attenuates disruption of dopamine function in a maternal immune activation rat model of schizophrenia.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2019Article
- Maternal inflammation during pregnancy and offspring psychiatric symptoms in childhood: Timing and sex matter.Journal of psychiatric research · 2019Article
- One bout of neonatal inflammation impairs adult respiratory motor plasticity in male and female rats.eLife · 2019Article
- Sex and gender bias in the experimental neurosciences: the case of the maternal immune activation model.Translational psychiatry · 2019Review
- Cognitive impairment effects of early life stress in adolescents can be predicted with early biomarkers: Impacts of sex, experience, and cytokines.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2016Article
- Estrogens, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegeneration.Endocrine reviews · 2016Review
- Developmental immune activation programs adult behavior: insight from research on birds.Current opinion in behavioral sciences · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Humans are exposed to potentially harmful agents (bacteria, viruses, toxins) throughout our lifespan; the consequences of such exposure can alter central nervous system development. Exposure to immunogens during pregnancy increases the risk of developing neurological disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Further, sex hormones, such as estrogen, have strong modulatory effects on immune function and have also been implicated in the development of neuropathologies (e.g., schizophrenia and depression). Similarly, animal studies have demonstrated that immunogen exposure in utero or during the neonatal period, at a time when the brain is undergoing maturation, can induce changes in learning and memory, as well as dopamine-mediated behaviors in a sex-specific manner. Literature that covers the effects of immunogens on innate immune activation and ultimately the development of the adult brain and behavior is riddled with contradictory findings, and the addition of sex as a factor only adds to the complexity. This review provides evidence that innate immune activation during critical periods of development may have effects on the adult brain in a sex-specific manner. Issues regarding sex bias in research as well as variability in animal models of immune function are discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.