Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22515648›Full record

ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2012

Deficiency of the p53/p63 target Perp alters mammary gland homeostasis and promotes cancer.

Rachel L Dusek, Jamie L Bascom, Hannes Vogel, Sylvain Baron, Alexander D Borowsky, Mina J Bissell, Laura D Attardi

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. PERP suppresses breast cancer metastasis via the ATF3-HSPA6 signaling pathway.The Journal of international medical research · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Loss ofFrontiers in immunology · 2018
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Desmosomes in acquired disease.Cell and tissue research · 2015
    Review
  14. ALCAM is indirectly modulated by miR-125b in MCF7 cells.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2015
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Structure, function, and regulation of desmosomes.Progress in molecular biology and translational science · 2013
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Rachel L DusekDivision of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Sciences Research Room 1255, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Jamie L Bascom
Hannes Vogel
Sylvain Baron
Alexander D Borowsky
Mina J Bissell
Laura D Attardi
Stanford University · USLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · USUniversity of California, Davis · US

Funding

Staff InvestigatorsP30CA093373 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · PI Laura Marcu · 2002 to 2026
$84.9M
Systems-Based Predictions of Responses to Cancer TherapyU54CA112970 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIF-LAWRENC BERKELEY LAB · PI SPELLMAN, PAUL T. · 2004 to 2014
$27.1M
TRANS-NETWORK PROJECTSU54CA143836 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI LIPHARDT, JAN T. · 2009 to 2014
$15.1M
Role of Metalloproteinases in Mammary Gland RemodelingR01CA057621 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI WERB, ZENA · 1993 to 2017
$9.0M
TUMOR BIOLOGYT32CA009151 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI CLEARY, MICHAEL L · 1985 to 2014
$5.5M
Characterization of the p53 Apoptotic Target Gene PERPR01CA093665 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI ATTARDI, LAURA D · 2002 to 2011
$2.8M
Myoepithelial cell differentiation defects in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)U01CA143233 · NCI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INST · PI BISSELL, MINA, POLLARD, JEFFREY W. · 2009 to 2013
$2.5M
Bioengineering 3-D Models for Organ-Specific Cancer Therapy in Lung and BreastU54CA126552 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIF-LAWRENC BERKELEY LAB · PI BISSELL, MINA · 2006 to 2010
$2.2M
Definition of Microenvironment in Breast CancerR37CA064786 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIF-LAWRENC BERKELEY LAB · PI BISSELL, MINA · 2009 to 2013
$2.0M
UCD Mouse Biology Program: Pathology Resources Training and Cancer ModelingK26RR024037 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI BOROWSKY, ALEXANDER D · 2007 to 2011
$717k
Role of the p53/p63 Target Gene Perp in Mammary Gland Morphogenesis and CancerF32CA130365 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI DUSEK, RACHEL · 2007 to 2007
$47k
NCI NIH HHS 5 R01 CA093665-10NCI NIH HHS F32CA130365NCI NIH HHS P30 CA093373NCI NIH HHS R01CA057621NCI NIH HHS R37CA064786NCI NIH HHS T32 CA009151NCI NIH HHS U01CA143233NCI NIH HHS U54CA112970NCI NIH HHS U54CA126552NCI NIH HHS U54CA143836NCRR NIH HHS K26 RR024037
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionPerp is a transcriptional target of both p53 during DNA damage-induced apoptosis and p63 during stratified epithelial development. Perp-/- mice exhibit postnatal lethality associated with dramatic blistering of the epidermis and oral mucosa, reflecting a critical role in desmosome-mediated intercellular adhesion in keratinocytes. However, the role of Perp in tissue homeostasis in other p63-dependent stratified epithelial tissues is poorly understood. Given that p63 is essential for proper mammary gland development and that cell adhesion is fundamental for ensuring the proper architecture and function of the mammary epithelium, here we investigate Perp function in the mammary gland.

methodsImmunofluorescence and Western blot analysis were performed to characterize Perp expression and localization in the mouse mammary epithelium throughout development. The consequences of Perp deficiency for mammary epithelial development and homeostasis were examined by using in vivo mammary transplant assays. Perp protein levels in a variety of human breast cancer cell lines were compared with those in untransformed cells with Western blot analysis. The role of Perp in mouse mammary tumorigenesis was investigated by aging cohorts of K14-Cre/+;p53fl/fl mice that were wild-type or deficient for Perp. Mammary tumor latency was analyzed, and tumor-free survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis.

resultsWe show that Perp protein is expressed in the mammary epithelium, where it colocalizes with desmosomes. Interestingly, although altering desmosomes through genetic inactivation of Perp does not dramatically impair mammary gland ductal development, Perp loss affects mammary epithelial homeostasis by causing the accumulation of inflammatory cells around mature mammary epithelium. Moreover, we show reduced Perp expression in many human breast cancer cell lines compared with untransformed cells. Importantly, Perp deficiency also promotes the development of mouse mammary cancer.

conclusionsTogether, these observations demonstrate an important role for Perp in normal mammary tissue function and in mammary cancer suppression. In addition, our findings highlight the importance of desmosomes in cancer suppression and suggest the merit of evaluating Perp as a potential prognostic indicator or molecular target in breast cancer therapy.

Indexed as

Genes, p53AnimalsBreast NeoplasmsCell Line, TumorDesmosomesEpithelial CellsFemaleGenes, Tumor SuppressorHomeostasisKeratin-14Mammary Glands, AnimalMammary Neoplasms, AnimalMembrane ProteinsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicKeratin-14Krt14 protein, mouseMembrane ProteinsPERP protein, humanPerp protein, mousePhosphoproteinsTrans-ActivatorsTrp63 protein, mouse

Identifiers

PMID22515648
PMCPMC3446400
OpenAlexW2072737818

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.