Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22514547›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2012

Concepts and principles of photodynamic therapy as an alternative antifungal discovery platform.

Tianhong Dai, Beth B Fuchs, Jeffrey J Coleman, Renato A Prates, Christos Astrakas, Tyler G St Denis, Martha S Ribeiro, Eleftherios Mylonakis, Michael R Hamblin, George P Tegos

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
84citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
8.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

84 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 287 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. A combination of photodynamic therapy and antimicrobial compounds to treat skin and mucosal infections: a systematic review.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2019
    Pooled it
  4. Trial
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  12. Rose Bengal-Assisted Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy for Keratitis.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · 2025
    Article
  13. Review
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24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

Tianhong DaiWellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA.
Beth B Fuchs
Jeffrey J Coleman
Renato A Prates
Christos Astrakas
Tyler G St Denis
Martha S Ribeiro
Eleftherios Mylonakis
Michael R Hamblin
George P Tegos
Massachusetts General Hospital · USNational Nuclear Energy Commission · BRColumbia University · USDemocritus University of Thrace · GRHarvard University · USUniversity of New Mexico · US

Funding

Yeast Biology ConsortiumU54MH084690 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH SCIS CTR · PI TEGOS, GEORGE P · 2008 to 2013
$14.4M
INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND BASIC MICROBIOLOGICAL MECHANISMST32AI007061 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Marcia B Goldberg · 1985 to 2026
$12.1M
Photodynamic Therapy of Localized InfectionsR01AI050875 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI HAMBLIN, MICHAEL R · 2003 to 2017
$4.8M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI050875NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007061NIMH NIH HHS U54 MH084690
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Opportunistic fungal pathogens may cause superficial or serious invasive infections, especially in immunocompromised and debilitated patients. Invasive mycoses represent an exponentially growing threat for human health due to a combination of slow diagnosis and the existence of relatively few classes of available and effective antifungal drugs. Therefore systemic fungal infections result in high attributable mortality. There is an urgent need to pursue and deploy novel and effective alternative antifungal countermeasures. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was established as a successful modality for malignancies and age-related macular degeneration but photodynamic inactivation has only recently been intensively investigated as an alternative antimicrobial discovery and development platform. The concept of photodynamic inactivation requires microbial exposure to either exogenous or endogenous photosensitizer molecules, followed by visible light energy, typically wavelengths in the red/near infrared region that cause the excitation of the photosensitizers resulting in the production of singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species that react with intracellular components, and consequently produce cell inactivation and death. Antifungal PDT is an area of increasing interest, as research is advancing (i) to identify the photochemical and photophysical mechanisms involved in photoinactivation; (ii) to develop potent and clinically compatible photosensitizers; (iii) to understand how photoinactivation is affected by key microbial phenotypic elements multidrug resistance and efflux, virulence and pathogenesis determinants, and formation of biofilms; (iv) to explore novel photosensitizer delivery platforms; and (v) to identify photoinactivation applications beyond the clinical setting such as environmental disinfectants.

Indexed as

biofilmsclinical applicationsmultidrug efflux systemspermeability barrierphotodynamic inactivationphotodynamic therapyphotosensitizerreactive oxygen species

Identifiers

PMID22514547
PMCPMC3322354
OpenAlexW2155908385

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.