Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2013
Dependence and withdrawal-induced craving predict abstinence in an incentive-based model of smoking relapse.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effect of exercise type on smoking cessation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC research notes · 2017Pooled it
- Time to First Cigarette: A Potential Clinical Screening Tool for Nicotine Dependence.Journal of addiction medicinePooled it
- Virtual reality cue exposure as an add-on to smoking cessation group therapy: a randomized controlled trial.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Trial
- Lower self-efficacy and greater depressive symptoms predict greater failure to recover from a single lapse cigarette.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2020Trial
- Quitting Failure and Success With and Without Using Medication: Latent Classes of Abstinence and Adherence to Nicotine Monotherapy, Combination Therapy, and Varenicline.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Trial
- Randomized Trial of Low-Nicotine Cigarettes and Transdermal Nicotine.American journal of preventive medicine · 2019Trial
- Sleep quality in cigarette smokers: Associations with smoking-related outcomes and exercise.Addictive behaviors · 2019Trial
- What a difference a day makes: differences in initial abstinence response during a smoking cessation attempt.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2017Trial
- Tobacco withdrawal system recovery time assessed during smoking satiety predicts smoking behavior change among individuals who smoke cigarettes daily.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2026Article
- Time to first cigarette after waking and incident heart failure: a dose-response analysis from the UK biobank.ESC heart failure · 2026Article
- Smoking timing, genetic susceptibility, and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation: a large prospective cohort study.European journal of preventive cardiology · 2024Article
- The influence of sociodemographic, tobacco use, and mental health characteristics on treatment adherence among adults enrolled in a community-based tobacco cessation program.Addictive behaviors reports · 2024Article
- Enhancing translation: A need to leverage complex preclinical models of addictive drugs to accelerate substance use treatment options.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2024Review
- Psychometric Properties of the FTCD and Brief WISDM: Support for Validity in a Legal-System-Involved Sample.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Smoking timing, genetic susceptibility and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: A cohort study from the UK Biobank.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2024Article
- Assessing and Addressing Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Health: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2023Review
- Changes in inhibitory control, craving and affect after yoga vs. aerobic exercise among smokers with nicotine dependence.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Very Light Daily Smoking in Young Adults: Relationships Between Nicotine Dependence and Lapse.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- Expanding the genetic architecture of nicotine dependence and its shared genetics with multiple traits.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionUnderstanding factors that render some individuals more vulnerable to smoking relapse during the early stages of a quit attempt is critical to tailoring treatment efforts. Development of laboratory models of relapse can provide a framework for identifying underlying mechanisms that may contribute to vulnerability. Here, we explored predictors of abstinence in a novel incentive-based model of relapse.
methodsFifty-six nontreatment seeking daily smokers completed several nicotine dependence measures prior to participating in a 1-week abstinence incentive test. During the abstinence procedure, participants earned monetary reinforcement for each biochemically verified day of abstinence according to a descending schedule of reinforcement.
resultsCompliance with the procedure was excellent. All but 3 participants were able to initiate abstinence; nearly 70% lapsed as incentives were reduced. Scores on the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), number of cigarettes smoked per day, and self-reported craving on the first day of abstinence each independently predicted time to lapse. The single item of time to first cigarette in the morning on the FTND significantly predicted time to lapse, even when controlling for other significant predictors just listed. The Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS) and Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives did not predict lapse, but the NDSS did predict reinitiation of abstinence among those experiencing an initial lapse.
conclusionsThese findings partially replicate those of previous full-scale clinical trials and support the feasibility and validity of an incentive-based model of relapse. The time-limited and laboratory-based nature of this model has the potential to further investigations of underlying mechanisms contributing to relapse.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.