Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22510792›Full record

SynthesisEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2012

Effects of higher- versus lower-protein diets on health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

N Santesso, E A Akl, M Bianchi, A Mente, R Mustafa, D Heels-Ansdell, H J Schünemann

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract readComparative StudyMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07104461 (A Single-blind Randomised Study to Test the Effects of Protein-enriched Breakfast Meals With Varying Protein Sources Compared to a Standard Meal on the Regulation of Appetite and Satiety in Healthy Human Volunteers), which is not on this map. Cited by 132 papers, 21 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
132citing papers in PubMed, 21 pooled it
9.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07104461 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

A Single-blind Randomised Study to Test the Effects of Protein-enriched Breakfast Meals With Varying Protein Sources Compared to a Standard Meal on the Regulation of Appetite and Satiety in Healthy Human Volunteers

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of WestminsterRan2023 to 2024Enrolled12ConditionsAppetite and General Nutritional DisordersArmsOat porridge, Whey protein isolate, Potato protein isolate, Meal replacement shake
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

132 citing papers in PubMed, 21 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 283 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. Protein intake and bone health: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline of the German Nutrition Society.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2023
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  16. Dietary protein and bone health across the life-course: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis over 40 years.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2019
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72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

N SantessoDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
E A Akl
M Bianchi
A Mente
R Mustafa
D Heels-Ansdell
H J Schünemann
McMaster University · CAUniversity at Buffalo, State University of New York · USBarilla (Italy) · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesNumerous randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in first tier medical journals have evaluated the health effects of diets high in protein. We conducted a rigorous systematic review of RCTs comparing higher- and lower-protein diets.

methodsWe searched several electronic databases up to July 2011 for studies focusing on patient-important outcomes (for example, cardiovascular disease) and secondary outcomes such as risk factors for chronic disease (for example, adiposity).

resultsWe identified 111 articles reporting on 74 trials. Pooled effect sizes using standardised mean differences (SMDs) were small to moderate and favoured higher-protein diets for weight loss (SMD -0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.56 to -0.17), body mass index (-0.37, CI -0.56 to 0.19), waist circumference (-0.43, CI -0.69 to -0.16), blood pressure (systolic: -0.21, CI -0.32 to -0.09 and diastolic: -0.18, CI -0.29 to -0.06), high-density lipoproteins (HDL 0.25, CI 0.07 to 0.44), fasting insulin (-0.20, CI -0.39 to -0.01) and triglycerides (-0.51, CI -0.78 to -0.24). Sensitivity analysis of studies with lower risk of bias abolished the effect on HDL and fasting insulin, and reduced the effect on triglycerides. We observed nonsignificant effects on total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, C-reactive protein, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, and surrogates for bone and kidney health. Adverse gastrointestinal events were more common with high-protein diets. Multivariable meta-regression analysis showed no significant dose response with higher protein intake.

conclusionsHigher-protein diets probably improve adiposity, blood pressure and triglyceride levels, but these effects are small and need to be weighed against the potential for harms.

Indexed as

Body ConstitutionDietDiet, Protein-RestrictedAdiposityBlood PressureBody Mass IndexDietary ProteinsHealthHumansInsulinTriglyceridesWaist CircumferenceWeight LossDietary ProteinsInsulinTriglycerides

Identifiers

PMID22510792
PMCPMC3392894
OpenAlexW2144776996

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.