Trial reportThe Clinical journal of pain2012
Low back pain subgroups using fear-avoidance model measures: results of a cluster analysis.
Trial report in The Clinical journal of pain, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Pain sensitivity subgroups in individuals with spine pain: potential relevance to short-term clinical outcome.Physical therapy · 2014Trial
- Effects of Individual Psychological Factors and Cumulative Psychological Distress on Prospective Pain Quality in Older Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain.The Clinical journal of pain · 2025Article
- Subgroup Characteristics of Middle-Aged and Older Women with Chronic Low Back Pain by Multiple Factors: A Hierarchical Cluster Analysis.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Identifying Clinical Phenotypes in People Who Are Hispanic/Latino With Chronic Low Back Pain: Use of Sensor-Based Measures of Posture and Movement, Pain, and Psychological Factors.Physical therapy · 2024Article
- Back Pain Consortium (BACPAC): Protocol and Pilot Study Results for a Randomized Comparative-Effectiveness Trial of Antidepressants, Fear Avoidance Rehabilitation, or the Combination for Chronic Low Back Pain and Comorbid High Negative Affect.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2023Article
- Pain phenotyping and investigation of outcomes in physical therapy: An exploratory study in patients with low back pain.PloS one · 2023Article
- Telerehabilitation of acute musculoskeletal multi-disorders: prospective, single-arm, interventional study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Article
- The relationship between psychosocial factors and reported disability: the role of pain self-efficacy.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Article
- Composite psychosocial risk based on the fear avoidance model in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Cluster-based analysis.Physical therapy in sport : official journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine · 2021Article
- Sensory and Psychological Factors Predict Exercise-Induced Shoulder Injury Responses in a High-Risk Phenotype Cohort.The journal of pain · 2021Article
- Adding Physical Impairment to Risk Stratification Improved Outcome Prediction in Low Back Pain.Physical therapy · 2021Observational
- Creation and validation of the 4-item BriefPCS-chronic through methodological triangulation.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2020Article
- Treatment monitoring as a component of psychologically informed physical therapy: A case series of patients at high risk for persistent low back pain related disability.Musculoskeletal science & practice · 2019Article
- [Clinical-demographic factors associated with fear-avoidance in subjects with non-specific chronic low back pain in Primary Care: secondary analysis of intervention study].Atencion primaria · 2019Article
- Trajectories of Fear-Avoidance Beliefs on Physical Activity Over Two Years in People With Rheumatoid Arthritis.Arthritis care & research · 2018Article
- Article
- Physical performance and movement-evoked pain profiles in community-dwelling individuals at risk for knee osteoarthritis.Experimental gerontology · 2017Article
- Vulvodynia is not created equally: empirical classification of women with vulvodynia.Journal of pain research · 2017Article
- Could the clinical interpretability of subgroups detected using clustering methods be improved by using a novel two-stage approach?Chiropractic & manual therapies · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe purpose of this secondary analysis was to test the hypothesis that an empirically derived psychological subgrouping scheme based on multiple Fear-Avoidance Model (FAM) constructs would provide additional capabilities for clinical outcomes in comparison with a single FAM construct.
methodsPatients (n=108) with acute or subacute low back pain enrolled in a clinical trial comparing behavioral physical therapy interventions to classification-based physical therapy completed baseline questionnaires for Pain Catastrophizing Scale, fear-avoidance beliefs [Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ)-physical activity scale (PA), FABQ work scale], and patient-specific fear (Fear of Daily Activities Questionnaire). Clinical outcomes included pain intensity and disability measured at baseline, 4 weeks, and 6 months. A hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis was used to create distinct cluster profiles among the FAM measures and discriminant analysis was used to interpret clusters. Changes in clinical outcomes were investigated with repeated measures analysis of variance and differences in results based on cluster membership were compared with FABQ-PA subgrouping used in the original trial.
resultsThree distinct FAM subgroups (Low-Risk, High Specific Fear, and High Fear and Catastrophizing) emerged from cluster analysis. Subgroups differed on baseline pain and disability (P<0.01) with the High Fear and Catastrophizing subgroup associated with greater pain than the Low-Risk subgroup (P<0.01) and the greatest disability (P<0.05). Subgroup×time interactions were detected for both pain and disability (P<0.05) with the High Fear and Catastrophizing subgroup reporting greater changes in pain and disability than other subgroups (P<0.05). In contrast, FABQ-PA subgroups used in the original trial were not associated with interactions for clinical outcomes. DISCUSSION: These data suggest that subgrouping based on multiple FAM measures may provide additional information on clinical outcomes in comparison with determining subgroup status by FABQ-PA alone. Subgrouping methods for patients with low back pain should include multiple psychological factors to further explore if patients can be matched with appropriate interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.