ReviewBritish journal of pharmacology2013
EO9 (Apaziquone): from the clinic to the laboratory and back again.
Review in British journal of pharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting Hypoxia: Hypoxia-Activated Prodrugs in Cancer Therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Tumour hypoxia in clinical oncology: imaging, therapeutic strategies, and translational challenges.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2027Review
- Dual-Action Therapeutics: DNA Alkylation and Antimicrobial Peptides for Cancer Therapy.Cancers · 2024Review
- Review
- Apigenin 7-glucoside impedes hypoxia-induced malignant phenotypes of cervical cancer cells in a p16-dependent manner.Open life sciences · 2024Article
- Review
- Cyclic Dichalcogenides Extend the Reach of Bioreductive Prodrugs to Harness Thiol/Disulfide Oxidoreductases: Applications toACS central science · 2023Article
- Cytotoxic and Radiosensitising Effects of a Novel Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibitor in Brain Cancers.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- Key Players of the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Restoring Tumour Selectivity of the Bioreductive Prodrug PR-104 by Developing an Analogue Resistant to Aerobic Metabolism by Human Aldo-Keto Reductase 1C3.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Cytotoxic and radiosensitising effects of a novel thioredoxin reductase inhibitor in breast cancer.Investigational new drugs · 2021Article
- Hypoxia-induced therapy resistance: Available hypoxia-targeting strategies and current advances in head and neck cancer.Translational oncology · 2021Review
- An Insight into the Anti-Angiogenic and Anti-Metastatic Effects of Oridonin: Current Knowledge and Future Potential.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Targeting hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment: a potential strategy to improve cancer immunotherapy.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2021Review
- Role of hypoxia in cancer therapy by regulating the tumor microenvironment.Molecular cancer · 2019Review
- Inactivation of apaziquone by haematuria: implications for the design of phase III clinical trials against non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2019Article
- Hypoxia-active nanoparticles used in tumor theranostic.International journal of nanomedicine · 2019Review
- Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Studies Evaluating Apaziquone (E09, Qapzola™) Intravesical Instillation Post Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumors for the Treatment of Low-risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.Bladder cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2018Article
- Expression of NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) is increased in the endometrium of women with endometrial cancer and women with polycystic ovary syndrome.Clinical endocrinology · 2017Article
- Azoreductases in drug metabolism.British journal of pharmacology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
EO9 (Apaziquone) is a bioreductive drug that has a chequered history. It underwent clinical trial but failed to show activity in phase II clinical trials when administered i.v. Poor drug delivery to tumours caused by a combination of rapid pharmacokinetic elimination and poor penetration through avascular tissue were the major factors responsible for EO9's poor efficacy. Based upon an understanding of why EO9 failed, a further clinical trial against patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder was conducted. The rationale for this was that intravesical administration directly into the bladder would circumvent the drug delivery problem, and any drug reaching the blood supply would be rapidly cleared thereby reducing the risk of systemic exposure. EO9 was well tolerated, and clinical activity against marker lesions was recorded in both phase I and II clinical trials. This article charts the pharmacological history of EO9 and discusses the potential implications that 'the EO9 story' has for the development of other loco-regional therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.