ArticlePloS one2012
Glucocorticoid-treated mice are an inappropriate positive control for long-term preclinical studies in the mdx mouse.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03439670 (A Phase IIb Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel Group, Placebo- and Active-controlled Study With Double-Blind Extension to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Vamorolone in Ambulant Boys With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy), which is not on this map. Cited by 50 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase IIb Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel Group, Placebo- and Active-controlled Study With Double-Blind Extension to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Vamorolone in Ambulant Boys With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prednisolone modulates CD8⁺ and regulatory T-cell activity to dampen response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in melanoma.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Downstream Pathways of Dystrophin Deficiency in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Implications for Muscle Degeneration and Regeneration.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Review
- Regimen-dependent glucocorticoid effects improve muscle performance without altering CNS physiology in mdx mice.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Macrophage plasticity and metabolic control in muscle repair and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Short-term daily deflazacort decreases membrane permeability and increases maximum force inAmerican journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025Article
- Profiles of Monocyte Subsets and Fibrosis-Related Genes in Patients with Muscular Dystrophy Undergoing Intermittent Prednisone Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The IAAM LTBP4 Haplotype is Protective Against Dystrophin-Deficient Cardiomyopathy.Journal of neuromuscular diseases · 2024Article
- Dimethyl fumarate modulates the dystrophic disease program following short-term treatment.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Effects of Glucocorticoids in Murine Models of Duchenne and Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Considering the Promise of Vamorolone for Treating Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.Journal of neuromuscular diseases · 2023Article
- Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and glucocorticoids differentially affect skeletal muscle inflammation and pathology in muscular dystrophy.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Combined growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 rescues growth retardation in glucocorticoid-treated mdxmice but does not prevent osteopenia.The Journal of endocrinology · 2022Article
- Comparative effects of human-equivalent low, moderate, and high dose oral prednisone intake on autoimmunity and glucocorticoid-related toxicity in a murine model of environmental-triggered lupus.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Macrophages in Skeletal Muscle Dystrophies, An Entangled Partner.Journal of neuromuscular diseases · 2022Review
- The pan HDAC inhibitor Givinostat improves muscle function and histological parameters in two Duchenne muscular dystrophy murine models expressing different haplotypes of the LTBP4 gene.Skeletal muscle · 2021Article
- Mechanisms and Clinical Applications of Glucocorticoid Steroids in Muscular Dystrophy.Journal of neuromuscular diseases · 2021Review
- Long-term human IgG treatment improves heart and muscle function in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2020Article
- Pulsed glucocorticoids enhance dystrophic muscle performance through epigenetic-metabolic reprogramming.JCI insight · 2019Observational
- Tempol treatment shows phenotype improvement in mdx mice.PloS one · 2019Article
- The role of nitrite in muscle function, susceptibility to contraction injury, and fatigability in sickle cell mice.Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDmd(mdx) (mdx) mice are used as a genetic and biochemical model of dystrophin deficiency. The long-term consequences of glucocorticoid (GC) treatment on dystrophin-deficient skeletal and heart muscle are not yet known. Here we used systematic phenotyping to assess the long-term consequences of GC treatment in mdx mice. Our investigation addressed not only the effects of GC on the disease phenotype but also the question of whether GCs can be used as a positive control for preclinical drug evaluations. METHODS AND
findingsWe performed nine pre-clinical efficacy trials (treated N = 129, untreated N = 106) of different durations in 9-to-50-week-old dystrophic mdx mice over a 3-year time period using standardized methods. In all these trials, we used either 1 mg/kg body weight of prednisone or 5 mg/kg body weight of prednisolone as positive controls to compare the efficacy of various test drugs. Data from untreated controls and GC-treated mice in the various trials have been pooled and analyzed to assess the effects of GCs on dystrophin-deficient skeletal and cardiac muscles of mdx mice. Our results indicate that continuous GC treatment results in early (e.g., at 50 days) improvements in normalized parameters such as grip strength, motor coordination and maximal in vitro force contractions on isolated EDL muscle, but these initial benefits are followed by a progressive loss of muscle strength after 100 days. We also found a significant increase in heart fibrosis that is reflected in a significant deterioration in cardiac systolic function after 100 days of treatment.
conclusionContinuous administration of prednisone to mdx mice initially improves skeletal muscle strength, but further therapy result in deterioration of muscle strength and cardiac function associated with enhanced cardiac fibrosis. These results suggest that GCs may not serve as an appropriate positive control for long-term mdx mouse preclinical trials.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.