ArticleInfection and immunity2012
The Spx regulator modulates stress responses and virulence in Enterococcus faecalis.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
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- SpxA1 and SpxA2 Function as a Stoichiometry-Dependent Regulatory Rheostat Governing Virulence Gene Expression in Group A Streptococcus.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Metal uptake systems underpinInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of Heat-Killed PostbioticInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Insights into ecology, pathogenesis, and biofilm formation ofMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- The CssRS two-component system of Bacillus subtilis contributes to teicoplanin and polymyxin B response.Folia microbiologica · 2025Article
- Pangenome-spanning epistasis and coselection analysis via de Bruijn graphs.Genome research · 2024Article
- From the Friend to the Foe-International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Heme utilization by the enterococci.FEMS microbes · 2024Review
- Trivalent immunization with metal-binding proteins confers protection against enterococci in a mouse infection model.FEMS microbes · 2024Article
- Identification of Multiple Iron Uptake Mechanisms in Enterococcus faecalis and Their Relationship to Virulence.Infection and immunity · 2023Article
- Vancomycin-variable enterococci in sheep and cattle isolates and whole-genome sequencing analysis of isolates harboringIranian journal of veterinary research · 2023Article
- The AdcACB/AdcAII system is essential for zinc homeostasis and an important contributor ofVirulence · 2022Article
- The Transcriptional Regulator SpxA1 Influences the Morphology and Virulence ofInfection and immunity · 2022Article
- c-di-AMP Is Essential for the Virulence ofInfection and immunity · 2021Article
- Regulatory circuits controlling Spx levels in Streptococcus mutans.Molecular microbiology · 2020Article
- Adaptation to Adversity: the Intermingling of Stress Tolerance and Pathogenesis in Enterococci.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2019Review
- Article
- Regulation of virulence and antibiotic resistance in Gram-positive microbes in response to cell wall-active antibiotics.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The ability to cope with endogenous or host-generated reactive oxygen species is considered a key virulence attribute of the opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis, a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. In this study, we used in silico and mutational analyses to identify and characterize the role of the Spx global regulator in oxidative stress tolerance and virulence in E. faecalis. While the Δspx strain grew as well as the wild-type strain under anaerobic conditions, the mutant strain exhibited impaired growth under aerobic conditions and was highly sensitive to oxidative stress agents. The spx mutant strain was also sensitive to a variety of other stressful conditions, including antibiotic stress and killing by the mouse-derived macrophage cell line J774. Using a murine model of foreign body-associated peritonitis, we demonstrated that the ability of the Δspx strain to colonize the peritoneum and disseminate in the bloodstream was significantly reduced compared to that of the parent strain. Transcriptional analysis revealed that a large number of known oxidative stress genes are under positive control by Spx. Collectively, our results show that Spx is a major stress gene regulator and is implicated in the pathophysiology of E. faecalis. The relationship of Spx to other oxidative stress regulators is also discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.