SynthesisAmerican journal of epidemiology2012
Caffeine intake, smoking, and risk of Parkinson disease in men and women.
Synthesis in American journal of epidemiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Effect of Caffeine on the Risk and Progression of Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Decreased circulating Zinc levels in Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis study.Scientific reports · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Association of Coffee Consumption With Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Large US Prospective Cohort Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2015Trial
- Associations of Coffee Drinking with Systemic Immune and Inflammatory Markers.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2015Trial
- Parkinson's Disease: From Gene-Environment Risk to Precision Therapy.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Dopaminergic Neuron Degeneration in Parkinson's Disease: A Comprehensive Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota reconstitution and control of α-synucleinopathy with β-glucans: a promising approach for individuals with parkinson's disease.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Review
- Bidirectional relationship between olfaction and Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2024Article
- Caffeine: A Multifunctional Efficacious Molecule with Diverse Health Implications and Emerging Delivery Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Association of caffeine intake with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in diabetes and prediabetes.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- Association of Coffee Consumption and Prediagnostic Caffeine Metabolites With Incident Parkinson Disease in a Population-Based Cohort.Neurology · 2024Article
- Evaluating the Neuroprotective Potential of Caffeinated Coffee in the Context of Aluminum-Induced Neurotoxicity: Insights from a PC12 Cell Culture Model.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and their impact on all-cause mortality in Parkinson's disease: insights from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2020 data.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Epigenetic associations ofFrontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Cannabidiol at Nanomolar Concentrations Negatively Affects Signaling through the Adenosine AInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Applications of Machine Learning to Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease.Brain sciences · 2023Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The authors prospectively examined whether caffeine intake was associated with lower risk of Parkinson disease (PD) in both men and women among 304,980 participants in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study and whether smoking affected this relation. Multivariate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were derived from logistic regression models. Higher caffeine intake as assessed in 1995-1996 was monotonically associated with lower PD risk (diagnosed in 2000-2006) in both men and women. After adjustment for age, race, and physical activity, the odds ratio comparing the highest quintile of caffeine intake with the lowest was 0.75 (95% confidence interval: 0.60, 0.94; P(trend) = 0.005) for men and 0.60 (95% confidence interval: 0.39, 0.91; P(trend) = 0.005) for women. Further adjustment for duration of smoking and analyses carried out among never smokers showed similar results. A joint analysis with smoking suggested that smoking and caffeine may act independently in relation to PD risk. Finally, the authors conducted a meta-analysis of prospective studies and confirmed that caffeine intake was inversely associated with PD risk in both men and women. These findings suggest no gender difference in the relation between caffeine and PD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.