ArticleNucleic acids research2012
A novel source for miR-21 expression through the alternative polyadenylation of VMP1 gene transcripts.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of Human Papillomavirus on microRNA-21 Expression in Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- MicroRNA-21 Expression as a Prognostic Biomarker in Oral Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- High levels of miR-146a-5p in COVID-19 patients are associated withFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A subclass of small RNAs is encoded by exons of protein-coding genes.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Protein Functional Effector (pfe) Noncoding RNAS Are Identical to Fragments from Various Noncoding RNAs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Gata3 drives miR-21-5p transcription to mitigate hyperoxia-induced lung injury, independent of CpG Island methylation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Vacuole membrane protein 1 and acute response to renal ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion.Physiological genomics · 2025Article
- Critical roles of miR-21 in promotions angiogenesis: friend or foe?Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- CRISPR targeting of mmu-miR-21a through a single adeno-associated virus vector prolongs survival of glioblastoma-bearing mice.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Programmable editing of primary MicroRNA switches stem cell differentiation and improves tissue regeneration.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Oncofetal IGF2BP3-mediated control of microRNA structural diversity in the malignancy of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- MicroRNA biogenesis is broadly disrupted by inhibition of the splicing factor SF3B1.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Decoding the Versatile Landscape of Autophagic Protein VMP1 in Cancer: A Comprehensive Review across Tissue Types and Regulatory Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Expression Profile of Circulating Exosomal microRNAs in Leukoplakia, Oral Submucous Fibrosis, and Combined Lesions of Leukoplakia and Oral Submucous Fibrosis.Head and neck pathology · 2024Observational
- miR-198 targetsFrontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Non-Coding RNAs as Potential Targets for Diagnosis and Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus: A Narrative Review.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Paper-Based Exosomal MicroRNA-21 Detection for Wound Monitoring: A Proof of Concept and Clinical Validation Trial Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Spatiotemporal quantitative microRNA-155 imaging reports immune-mediated changes in a triple-negative breast cancer model.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
miR-21 is the most commonly over-expressed microRNA (miRNA) in cancer and a proven oncogene. Hsa-miR-21 is located on chromosome 17q23.2, immediately downstream of the vacuole membrane protein-1 (VMP1) gene, also known as TMEM49. VMP1 transcripts initiate ∼ 130 kb upstream of miR-21, are spliced, and polyadenylated only a few hundred base pairs upstream of the miR-21 hairpin. On the other hand, primary miR-21 transcripts (pri-miR-21) originate within the last introns of VMP1, but bypass VMP1 polyadenylation signals to include the miR-21 hairpin. Here, we report that VMP1 transcripts can also bypass these polyadenylation signals to include miR-21, thus providing a novel and independently regulated source of miR-21, termed VMP1-miR-21. Northern blotting, gene-specific RT-PCR, RNA pull-down and DNA branching assays support that VMP1-miR-21 is expressed at significant levels in a number of cancer cell lines and that it is processed by the Microprocessor complex to produce mature miR-21. VMP1 and pri-miR-21 are induced by common stimuli, such as phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and androgens, but show differential responses to some stimuli such as epigenetic modifying agents. Collectively, these results indicate that miR-21 is a unique miRNA capable of being regulated by alternative polyadenylation and two independent gene promoters.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.