Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22505356›Full record

ArticleLiver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society2012

Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized liver transplant patients: a nationwide analysis.

Muhammad Ali, Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan, Shahryar Ahmad, Nilay Kumar, Gagan Kumar, Kia Saeian

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Outcomes of Clostridium difficile infection in liver transplant patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Clinical burden of recurrentAntimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2022
    Article
  7. Humoral Immune Response toOpen forum infectious diseases · 2021
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Clostridium difficile infection in patients with liver disease: a review.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2015
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Effects of Clostridium difficile infection in patients with alcoholic hepatitis.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2014
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Muhammad AliDepartment of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. muali@mcw.edu
Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
Shahryar Ahmad
Nilay Kumar
Gagan Kumar
Kia Saeian

Funding

CTSA INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PEDIATRIC RESEARCHUL1RR031973 · NCRR · MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN · PI SHAKER, REZA NONE · 2010 to 2011
$7.9M
NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR031973NCRR NIH HHS UL1RR031973
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is increasing among hospitalized patients. Liver transplantation (LT) patients are at higher risk for acquiring CDI. Small, single-center studies (but no nationwide analyses) have assessed this association. We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (2004-2008) for this retrospective, cross-sectional study. Patients with any discharge diagnosis of LT composed the study population, and they were identified with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Those with a discharge diagnosis of CDI were considered cases. Our primary outcomes were the prevalence of CDI and the effects of CDI on inpatient mortality. Our secondary outcomes included the length of stay and hospitalization charges. A regression analysis was used to derive odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for potential confounders. There were 193,174 discharges with a diagnosis of LT from 2004 to 2008. The prevalence of CDI was 2.7% in the LT population and 0.9% in the non-LT population (P < 0.001). Most of the LT patients were 50 to 64 years old. LT patients had higher odds of developing CDI [OR = 2.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.68-3.10]. Increasing age and increasing comorbidity (including inflammatory bowel disease and nasogastric tube placement) were also independent CDI risk factors. CDI was associated with a higher mortality rate: 5.5% for LT patients with CDI versus 3.2% for LT-only patients (adjusted OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.29-2.25). In conclusion, the prevalence of CDI is higher for LT patients versus non-LT patients (2.7% versus 0.9%). CDI is an independent risk factor for mortality in the LT population.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overClostridioides difficileClostridium InfectionsCross-Sectional StudiesDatabases, FactualFemaleHospitalizationHumansLiverLiver FailureLiver TransplantationMaleMiddle Aged

Identifiers

PMID22505356
PMCPMC3405162

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.