ArticleBMJ open2012
Are neighbourhood food resources distributed inequitably by income and race in the USA? Epidemiological findings across the urban spectrum.
Article in BMJ open, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Americans' Perceptions about Fast Food and How They Associate with Its Consumption and Obesity Risk.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2018Pooled it
- Food Insecurity and Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome-Related Conditions Among US Adults, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015-2020.Preventing chronic disease · 2026Article
- Patients with diabetes struggling to afford food and control their HbA1c in food-insecure areas in Bronx, NY.Public health nutrition · 2024Observational
- Urban school neighbourhoods dominated by unhealthy food retailers and advertisements in Greater Tunis: a geospatial study in the midst of the nutrition transition.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- Assessing the association between food environment and dietary inflammation by community type: a cross-sectional REGARDS study.International journal of health geographics · 2023Article
- Mediators of parental educational differences in the intake of carbonated sugar-sweetened soft drinks among adolescents, and the moderating role of neighbourhood income.Nutrition journal · 2023Article
- Understanding Food Security as a Social Determinant of Diabetes-Related Health during Pregnancy.American journal of perinatology · 2023Article
- Applications of Complex Systems Models to Improve Retail Food Environments for Population Health: A Scoping Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Article
- Assessing physical access to healthy food across United Kingdom: A systematic review of measures and findings.Obesity science & practice · 2022Review
- Beyond the physical built environment.Public health nutrition · 2021Article
- Healthy and unhealthy food environments are linked with neighbourhood socio-economic disadvantage: an innovative geospatial approach to understanding food access inequities.Public health nutrition · 2020Article
- The Diabetes Location, Environmental Attributes, and Disparities Network: Protocol for Nested Case Control and Cohort Studies, Rationale, and Baseline Characteristics.JMIR research protocols · 2020Article
- Does Proximity to Fast Food Cause Childhood Obesity? Evidence from Public Housing.Regional science and urban economics · 2020Article
- Using community-based system dynamics modeling to understand the complex systems that influence health in cities: The SALURBAL study.Health & place · 2019Article
- Associations Between Boys' Early Childhood Exposure to Family and Neighborhood Poverty and Body Mass Index in Early Adolescence.Journal of pediatric psychology · 2019Article
- Associations of multidimensional socioeconomic and built environment factors with body mass index trajectories among youth in geographically heterogeneous communities.Preventive medicine reports · 2019Article
- Variation in the food environment of small and non-traditional stores across racial segregation and corporate status.Public health nutrition · 2019Article
- Weight Loss Success of Participants Residing in Rural and Urban Areas.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2018Article
- Weight and Veterans' Environments Study (WAVES) I and II: Rationale, Methods, and Cohort Characteristics.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2018Article
- Fruit and vegetable intake among participants in a District of Columbia farmers' market incentive programme.Public health nutrition · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveMany recent policies focus on socioeconomic inequities in availability of healthy food stores and restaurants. Yet understanding of how socioeconomic inequities vary across neighbourhood racial composition and across the range from rural to urban settings is limited, largely due to lack of large, geographically and socio-demographically diverse study populations. Using a national sample, the authors examined differences in neighbourhood food resource availability according to neighbourhood-level poverty and racial/ethnic population in non-urban, low-density urban and high-density urban areas.
designCross-sectional data from an observational cohort study representative of the US middle and high school-aged population in 1994 followed into young adulthood.
participantsUsing neighbourhood characteristics of participants in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Wave III, 2001-2002; n=13 995 young adults aged 18-28 years representing 7588 US block groups), the authors examined associations between neighbourhood poverty and race/ethnicity with neighbourhood food resource availability in urbanicity-stratified multivariable linear regression. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Neighbourhood availability of grocery/supermarkets, convenience stores and fast-food restaurants (measured as number of outlets per 100 km roadway).
resultsNeighbourhood race and income disparities were most pronounced in low-density urban areas, where high-poverty/high-minority areas had lower availability of grocery/supermarkets (β coefficient (β)=-1.91, 95% CI -2.73 to -1.09) and convenience stores (β=-2.38, 95% CI -3.62 to -1.14) and greater availability of fast-food restaurants (β=4.87, 95% CI 2.26 to 7.48) than low-poverty/low-minority areas. However, in high-density urban areas, high-poverty/low-minority neighbourhoods had comparatively greater availability of grocery/supermarkets (β=8.05, 95% CI 2.52 to 13.57), convenience stores (β=2.89, 95% CI 0.64 to 5.14) and fast-food restaurants (β=4.03, 95% CI 1.97 to 6.09), relative to low-poverty/low-minority areas.
conclusionsIn addition to targeting disproportionate fast-food availability in disadvantaged dense urban areas, our findings suggest that policies should also target disparities in grocery/supermarket and fast-food restaurant availability in low-density areas.
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Registered trials
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