ReviewApplied and environmental microbiology2012
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4: a new challenge for microbiology.
Review in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 192 citations in OpenAlex.
- Redefining Shiga toxin-induced human cell death as NLRP1- and gasdermin E-mediated pyroptosis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Limitations and safety aspects related to the use of bacteriophages in food production.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Article
- Article
- Enhancing detection of STEC in the meat industry: insights into virulence of priority STEC.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Shiga Toxin-ProducingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A narrative review of wastewater surveillance: pathogens of concern, applications, detection methods, and challenges.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Toxin-linked mobile genetic elements in major enteric bacterial pathogens.Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England) · 2023Review
- First Record of the Rare SpeciesPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Molecular Lipopolysaccharide Di-Vaccine Protects from Shiga-Toxin Producing Epidemic Strains ofVaccines · 2022Article
- EnterohemorrhagicInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Molecular Modeling the Proteins from theAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Two EnteropathogenicJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Article
- FightingJournal of medicinal chemistry · 2021Article
- Prevalence and Epidemiology of Non-O157 Escherichia coli Serogroups O26, O103, O111, and O145 and Shiga Toxin Gene Carriage in Scottish Cattle, 2014-2015.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- Isolation and Characterization of Shiga Toxin Bacteriophages.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2021Article
- Structure and genetics of Escherichia coli O antigens.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2020Review
- Review
- The ea22 gene of lambdoid phages: preserved prolysogenic function despite of high sequence diversity.Virus genes · 2020Article
- Characterization of a bacteriophage, vB_Eco4M-7, that effectively infects many Escherichia coli O157 strains.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In 2011, Germany experienced the largest outbreak with a Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strain ever recorded. A series of environmental and trace-back and trace-forward investigations linked sprout consumption with the disease, but fecal-oral transmission was also documented. The genome sequences of the pathogen revealed a clonal outbreak with enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). Some EAEC virulence factors are carried on the virulence plasmid pAA. From an unknown source, the epidemic strains acquired a lambdoid prophage carrying the gene for the Shiga toxin. The resulting strains therefore possess two different mobile elements, a phage and a plasmid, contributing essential virulence genes. Shiga toxin is released by decaying bacteria in the gut, migrates through the intestinal barrier, and is transported via the blood to target organs, like the kidney. In a mouse model, probiotic bifidobacteria interfered with transport of the toxin through the gut mucosa. Researchers explored bacteriophages, bacteriocins, and low-molecular-weight inhibitors against STEC. Randomized controlled clinical trials of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) patients found none of the interventions superior to supportive therapy alone. Antibodies against one subtype of Shiga toxin protected pigs against fatal neurological infection, while treatment with a toxin receptor decoy showed no effect in a clinical trial. Likewise, a monoclonal antibody directed against a complement protein led to mixed results. Plasma exchange and IgG immunoadsoprtion ameliorated the condition in small uncontrolled trials. The epidemic O104:H4 strains were resistant to all penicillins and cephalosporins but susceptible to carbapenems, which were recommended for treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.