ReviewCurrent opinion in rheumatology2012
Infection as a cause of type 1 diabetes?
Review in Current opinion in rheumatology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of HIF-1α in innate immune mechanisms and autoimmunity: A double-edged sword.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Review
- Molecular mimicry revisited: novel perspectives on autoimmune disease initiation and progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Structural homology and binding ability comparisons of epitope pair candidates for molecular mimicry triggering of type 1 diabetes mellitus.Oxford open immunology · 2026Article
- The Role of Viral Infections in the Immunopathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review.Biology · 2025Review
- Prioritization of infectious epitopes for translational investigation in type 1 diabetes etiology.Journal of autoimmunity · 2023Article
- High-fat diet and oral infection induced type 2 diabetes and obesity development under different genetic backgrounds.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Rodent models for diabetes.3 Biotech · 2023Review
- Setting the Stage for Insulin Granule Dysfunction during Type-1-Diabetes: Is ER Stress the Culprit?Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Environmental Factors and the Risk of Developing Type 1 Diabetes-Old Disease and New Data.Biology · 2022Review
- Type 1 diabetes pathogenesis and the role of inhibitory receptors in islet tolerance.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2020Review
- The association between stressful life events and respiratory infections during the first 4 years of life: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young study.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2019Article
- Pandemic influenza and subsequent risk of type 1 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study.Diabetologia · 2018Article
- Our Environment Shapes Us: The Importance of Environment and Sex Differences in Regulation of Autoantibody Production.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- It's Never Too Early or Too Late-End the Epidemic of Alzheimer's by Preventing or Reversing Causation From Pre-birth to Death.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2018Article
- PTPN22 and islet-specific autoimmunity: What have the mouse models taught us?World journal of diabetes · 2017Review
- Beta-cell Specific Autoantibodies: Are they Just an Indicator of Type 1 Diabetes?Current diabetes reviews · 2017Review
- Disease prevalence in a rural Andean population of central Peru: a focus on autoimmune and allergic diseases.Auto- immunity highlights · 2016Article
- Immunopathogenic Mechanisms of Autoimmune Hepatitis: How Much Do We Know from Animal Models?International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Review
- Hotspot autoimmune T cell receptor binding underlies pathogen and insulin peptide cross-reactivity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2016Article
- Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination Elicits IgG Anti-A/B Blood Group Antibodies in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewIt is the current opinion that pathogens, such as viruses, are contributing to the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in susceptible individuals. This opinion is based on epidemiological associations, direct isolation of pathogens from the islets of Langerhans, as well as a large amount of data from various experimental animal models. Human enteroviruses have dominated the literature associated with the etiology of T1D. However, virus infections have also been reported to protect from autoimmune disorders. RECENT
findingsHere we review the evidence for virus infections to be involved in the pathogenesis of T1D and discuss potential mechanisms of how such infections could accelerate the destruction of insulin-producing β-cells. In addition, we will review evidence from epidemiologic and experimental animal studies showing that virus infections could also have protective properties. SUMMARY: Virus infections play an important role in the pathogenesis of T1D by inducing or accelerating the autodestructive process, but also by protecting from autoimmunity. Thus, multiple sequential infections might shape the autoreactive immune repertoire and the pathogenesis of T1D in a complex fashion.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.