ArticleMayo Clinic proceedings2012
The obesity paradox, cardiorespiratory fitness, and coronary heart disease.
Article in Mayo Clinic proceedings, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05275140 (Effectiveness of Adapted Taekwondo, Multi-component Training and Walking on Health Status in Independent Older Women), which is not on this map. Cited by 79 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effectiveness of Adapted Taekwondo, Multi-component Training and Walking on Health Status in Independent Older Women: a Randomized Controlled Trial With Group and Inter-individual Analysis
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 272 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of sports medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Relation of Body Mass Index With Adverse Outcomes Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2016Pooled it
- The prognostic importance of weight loss in coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Mayo Clinic proceedings · 2014Pooled it
- The obesity paradox in heart failure patients with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction: a meta-analysis of individual patient data.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2014Pooled it
- Dietary restriction and exercise for diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Acute aerobic exercise reveals that FAHFAs distinguish the metabolomes of overweight and normal-weight runners.JCI insight · 2022Trial
- Waist Circumference Change During Intensive Lifestyle Intervention and Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in the Look AHEAD Trial.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2020Trial
- Effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight/obese women.Journal of sports sciences · 2016Trial
- Obesity paradox in young with myocardial infarction in China - or is this really a lean paradox?International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- Physical Activity, Functional Performance, and Healthy Aging Across Body Mass Index Categories: A Real-World Primary Care Cross-Sectional Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Metabolic cost of external work: a novel CPET parameter optimises characterisation of exercise performance in obese individuals.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Association of body roundness index with cardiovascular disease in early Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic syndrome stage 0-3: mediation by the triglyceride-glucose index in a national cohort study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Research Progress on the Association Between Sarcopenic Obesity and Atherosclerosis: Current Status and Challenges.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Obesity paradox in coronary heart disease.Future cardiology · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the association between nutritional status and in-hospital mortality in HFpEF patients.ESC heart failure · 2025Article
- The Obesity Paradox of Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.Current diabetes reports · 2025Review
- Body Composition Risk Assessment of All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Completing Cardiac Rehabilitation.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Modified Metabolic Syndrome Criteria Considering Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) and A Body Shape Index (ABSI): Implications for Kidney Risk.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Unmasking the Complex Interplay of Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome, Heart Failure, and Sleep Dysfunction: A Physiological and Psychological Perspective in a Digital Health World.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Protecting the Heart in Motion: The Role of Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Preventing Sudden Cardiac Death.Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology · 2025Review
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and different measures of adiposity with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in men with known or suspected coronary heart disease (CHD). PATIENTS AND
methodsWe analyzed data from 9563 men (mean age, 47.4 years) with documented or suspected CHD in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (August 13, 1977, to December 30, 2002) using baseline body mass index (BMI) and CRF (quantified as the duration of a symptom-limited maximal treadmill exercise test). Waist circumference (WC) and percent body fat (BF) were measured using standard procedures.
resultsThere were 733 deaths (348 of CVD) during a mean follow-up of 13.4 years. After adjustment for age, examination year, and multiple baseline risk factors, men with low fitness had a higher risk of all-cause mortality in the BMI categories of normal weight (hazard ratio [HR], 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-2.05), obese class I (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.04-1.82), and obese class II/III (HR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.55-3.80) but not overweight (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.88-1.36) compared with the normal-weight and high-fitness reference group. We observed a similar pattern for WC and percent BF tertiles and for CVD mortality. Among men with high fitness, there were no significant differences in CVD and all-cause mortality risk across BMI, WC, and percent BF categories.
conclusionIn men with documented or suspected CHD, CRF greatly modifies the relation of adiposity to mortality. Using adiposity to assess mortality risk in patients with CHD may be misleading unless fitness is considered.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.