ArticleAging and disease2012
Immune Responses to pneumococcal vaccines in children and adults: Rationale for age-specific vaccination.
Article in Aging and disease, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent changes to adult national immunization programs for pneumococcal vaccination in Europe and how they impact coverage: A systematic review of published and grey literature.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- Immune persistence of a single dose of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine: A 6-year follow-up.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Trial
- Inflammatory Markers and Immune Response to Pneumococcal Vaccination in HIV-Positive and -Negative Adults.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Randomized controlled study of the safety and immunogenicity of pneumococcal vaccine formulations containing PhtD and detoxified pneumolysin with alum or adjuvant system AS02V in elderly adults.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2014Trial
- Understanding pneumococcal vaccine perceptions in seven countries: Findings from a cross-sectional survey.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Insights into the heterogeneity of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine immunogenicity in older adults.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Article
- Article
- Age-related decline in IgM responses associate with reduced opsonophagocytic activity following PCV13 vaccination.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Article
- Endolysins: targetingFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Naturally acquired antibodies against 4 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in Pakistani adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.PloS one · 2024Article
- A brief history of and future prospects for pneumococcal vaccination in Malaysia.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2023Review
- The Molecular Approaches and Challenges ofPolish journal of microbiology · 2023Review
- If Not Now, When? Nonserotype Pneumococcal Protein Vaccines.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Pneumococcal Immunization Strategies for High-Risk Pediatric Populations Worldwide: One Size Does Not Fit All.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Sequential administration of Prevnar 13™ and PNEUMOVAX™ 23 in healthy participants 50 years of age and older.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- A Review of Vaccinations in Adult Patients with Secondary Immunodeficiency.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2021Review
- Changes in epigenetic profiles throughout early childhood and their relationship to the response to pneumococcal vaccination.Clinical epigenetics · 2021Article
- Understanding Host Immunity and the Gut Microbiota Inspires the New Development of Vaccines and Adjuvants.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Alternative Complement Pathway Inhibition Abrogates Pneumococcal Opsonophagocytosis in Vaccine-Naïve, but Not in Vaccinated Individuals.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a significant human pathogen and currently available pneumococcal vaccines are designed to elicit anti-capsule antibodies. The 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine has been used in older adults for many years whereas 7-, 10-, and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have only been used commonly for young children in the last decade. In addition to their high protective efficacy among children, the use of conjugate vaccines in young children has had a number of additional effects, including production of a serotype shift and providing new herd immunity to adults. The immunogenicity of both of these types of vaccines can be determined by using an ELISA assay to measure antibody levels or an opsonophagocytosis assay to assess opsonic function. As these assays have improved over time, awareness of the analytical limitations of older studies has grown. While the 23-valent vaccine is effective among young adults, it is less effective among elderly adults. Aging-associated ineffectiveness may be due to aging-dependent changes in the antibody repertoire and/or a reduction in IgM antibody production associated with aging-dependent changes in B cell subpopulations. The immunologic basis of aging-associated immune defects thus remains an active area of research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
22500271PMC3320805W1571867529What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.