SynthesisSchizophrenia bulletin2013
Brain vs behavior: an effect size comparison of neuroimaging and cognitive studies of genetic risk for schizophrenia.
Synthesis in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The IMAGEN study: a decade of imaging genetics in adolescents.Molecular psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Brain imaging genetics in ADHD and beyond - Mapping pathways from gene to disorder at different levels of complexity.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Genetic influences on schizophrenia and subcortical brain volumes: large-scale proof of concept.Nature neuroscience · 2016Pooled it
- CACNA1C polymorphisms Impact Cognitive Recovery in Patients with Bipolar Disorder in a Six-week Open-label Trial.Scientific reports · 2017Trial
- Effects of the neurogranin variant rs12807809 on thalamocortical morphology in schizophrenia.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Lorcaserin modulation of semantic drug cue-elicited effective brain connectivity in persons with cocaine and opioid use disorders.Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · 2025Article
- Impact of genetic variants within serotonin turnover enzymes on human cerebral monoamine oxidase A in vivo.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- Improved connectivity and cognition due to cognitive stimulation in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- Regional gene expression patterns are associated with task-specific brain activation during reward and emotion processing measured with functional MRI.Human brain mapping · 2022Article
- A functional neuroimaging association study on the interplay between two schizophrenia genome-wide associated genes (CACNA1C and ZNF804A).European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2022Article
- Sex differences in neural substrates of risk taking: Implications for sex-specific vulnerabilities to internet gaming disorder.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2022Article
- Article
- Combining fMRI and DISC1 gene haplotypes to understand working memory-related brain activity in schizophrenia.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Imaging Genetics in Epilepsy: Current Knowledge and New Perspectives.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Genetic modulation of longitudinal change in neurocognitive function among adult glioma patients.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2022Article
- Genome-wide mapping of brain phenotypes in extended pedigrees with strong genetic loading for bipolar disorder.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Article
- Neuroimaging genetic associations betweenJournal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology · 2021Article
- Neural response to emotional faces in monozygotic twins: association with familial risk of affective disordersJournal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2019Article
- Cross-Tissue Exploration of Genetic and Epigenetic Effects on Brain Gray Matter in Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2018Article
- Mapping the Schizophrenia Genes by Neuroimaging: The Opportunities and the Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Genetic variants associated with increased risk for schizophrenia (SZ) are hypothesized to be more penetrant at the level of brain structure and function than at the level of behavior. However, to date the relative sensitivity of imaging vs cognitive measures of these variants has not been quantified. We considered effect sizes associated with cognitive and imaging studies of 9 robust SZ risk genes (DAOA, DISC1, DTNBP1, NRG1, RGS4, NRGN, CACNA1C, TCF4, and ZNF804A) published between January 2005-November 2011. Summary data was used to calculate estimates of effect size for each significant finding. The mean effect size for each study was categorized as small, medium, or large and the relative frequency of each category was compared between modalities and across genes. Random effects meta-analysis was used to consider the impact of experimental methodology on effect size. Imaging studies reported mostly medium or large effects, whereas cognitive investigations commonly reported small effects. Meta-analysis confirmed that imaging studies were associated with larger effects. Effect size estimates were negatively correlated with sample size but did not differ as a function of gene nor imaging modality. These observations support the notion that SZ risk variants show larger effects, and hence greater penetrance, when characterized using indices of brain structure and function than when indexed by cognitive measures. However, it remains to be established whether this holds true for individual risk variants, imaging modalities, or cognitive functions, and how such effects may be mediated by a relationship with sample size and other aspects of experimental variability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.