ReviewCurrent opinion in HIV and AIDS2012
Dual HIV risk and vulnerabilities among women who use or inject drugs: no single prevention strategy is the answer.
Review in Current opinion in HIV and AIDS, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence and associated factors of HIV among female sex workers in Eastern and Southern Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- The intersection of gender and drug use-related stigma: A mixed methods systematic review and synthesis of the literature.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Pooled it
- Leveraging the U.S. Criminal Justice System to Access Women for HIV Interventions.AIDS and behavior · 2017Pooled it
- Systematic review of couple-based HIV intervention and prevention studies: advantages, gaps, and future directions.AIDS and behavior · 2014Pooled it
- A cluster-randomized controlled trial of a combination HIV risk reduction and microfinance intervention for female sex workers who use drugs in Kazakhstan.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Trial
- HIV among injection drug users and their intimate partners in Almaty, Kazakhstan.AIDS and behavior · 2013Trial
- Trial
- Substance Use and HIV Risk Among African Refugee and Migrant Sex Workers in Italy: A Mixed-Methods Study Informed by Syndemic Theory.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- "Why not take that pill?": A Mixed-Methods Study of Gender, Risk Perception, and PrEP Uptake Among Drug-Involved Heterosexual Couples Under Community Supervision.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Development and feasibility testing of a PrEP uptake and adherence intervention for women with trauma-related mental health conditions: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2026Article
- "Stigma's Every Day, All Day Long": A Qualitative Exploration of Experiences of Overlapping Stigmas and HIV Prevention Service Use Among Women Who Use Drugs.Stigma and health · 2026Article
- Article
- Substance Use and HIV Risk in a Syndemic Context: Vulnerabilities Among African Refugee Sex Workers in Italy.Research square · 2025Article
- Latent Healthcare Stigma Profiles and Their Association With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Treatment and Care Outcomes Among Women With HIV in the United States: An Intersectional Analysis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Factors Associated With Sexually Transmitted Infections Among People who Inject Drugs in the San Diego-Tijuana Border Region.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- HIV Prevention and Sexual Health Conversations Among Women in Ending the HIV Epidemic Priority Communities: A Qualitative Exploration of Experiences and Preferences.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- Rationale and design of a randomized clinical trial of integrated eHealth for PrEP and medications for opioid use disorders for women in the criminal legal system. The Athena study.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Article
- "I don't think of it as a shelter. I say I'm going home": a qualitative evaluation of a low-threshold shelter for women who use drugs.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- HIV risk perception, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) awareness, and PrEP initiation intention among women who use drugs.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Article
- Peer recovery coaching for comprehensive HIV, hepatitis C, and opioid use disorder management: The CHORUS pilot study.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewThis article examines the dual HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk behaviors engaged in by women who use or inject drugs; the individual, social, and structural drivers of HIV and STI risk; prevention strategies; and the implications for multilevel, combined, sex-specific HIV prevention strategies. RECENT
findingsWomen who use or inject drugs, especially female sex workers, are at dual risk for HIV, the hepatitic C virus (HCV), and other STIs. In countries with HIV prevalence higher than 20% among injecting drug users (IDUs), female IDUs have slightly higher HIV prevalence than male IDUs. Women who use or inject drugs face multilevel drivers that increase their vulnerabilities to HIV, HCV, and STIs. Despite advances in behavioral HIV prevention strategies for this population, most prevention studies have not sufficiently targeted dyadic, social, and structural levels. Few recent advances in biomedical HIV prevention have focused on women who use drugs and their unique needs. SUMMARY: HIV prevention strategies and services need to address the unique and multilevel drivers that increase the vulnerabilities to HIV, HCV, and STIs among women who use drugs including those who engage in sex work. Scaling-up and improving access to multilevel and combined HIV prevention strategies for these women is central to combating the HIV epidemic.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.