ArticlePloS one2012
Independent risk factors for injury in pre-school children: three population-based nested case-control studies using routine primary care data.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Day care as a strategy for drowning prevention in children under 6 years of age in low- and middle-income countries.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- The Association Between Sleep and Home Accidents Among Preschool Children in Türkiye: A Case-Control Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic circumstances, ethnicity, migration and unintentional early childhood injuries: an analysis of the UK millennium cohort study.Injury epidemiology · 2025Article
- Associations of Adaptive Behavior and Wandering with Serious Injuries in Young Children with Autism: Study to Explore Early Development.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Article
- Implementation fidelity of the 'Stay One Step Ahead' home safety intervention: a mixed-methods analysis.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of systematically delivered evidence-based home safety promotion to improve child home safety practices: a controlled before-and-after study.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2023Article
- Exposures and Suspected Intoxications to Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Agents in Children Aged 0-14 Years: Real-World Data from an Italian Reference Poison Control Centre.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Epidemiology of unintentional childhood injuries in urban and rural areas of Nepal- A comparative study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Birth order and pediatric traumatic brain injury.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The effect of birth order on length of hospitalization for pediatric traumatic brain injury: an analysis of the 1987 Finnish birth cohort.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2022Article
- Unintentional injuries and potential determinants of falls in young children: Results from the Piccolipiù Italian birth cohort.PloS one · 2022Observational
- Maternal depression and childhood injury risk: A population-based cohort study in Denmark.Brain and behavior · 2021Article
- Association Between Maternal Working Status and Unintentional Injuries Among 3 to 4-Month-Old Infants in Japan.Maternal and child health journal · 2021Article
- Relationship Between Parental Locus of Control and Childhood Injury.The journal of primary prevention · 2020Article
- Parental alcohol intoxication and adverse health outcomes among offspring. A 4-year follow up HUNT study among 2399 Norwegian adolescents.Preventive medicine reports · 2020Article
- The Moderating Role of Maternal Supervision in the Relation of Social-Ecological Risk Factors to Children's Minor Injuries.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2020Article
- Association of Parental Mental Illness With Child Injury Occurrence, Hospitalization, and Death During Early Childhood.JAMA pediatrics · 2020Article
- Social Determinants Associated with Pediatric Burn Injury: A Population-Based, Case-Control Study.Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association · 2020Article
- Epidemiology and pattern of paediatric injuries in a developing country: an analysis of 170 injuries.Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInjuries in childhood are largely preventable yet an estimated 2,400 children die every day because of injury and violence. Despite this, the factors that contribute to injury occurrence have not been quantified at the population scale using primary care data. We used The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database to identify risk factors for thermal injury, fractures and poisoning in pre-school children in order to inform the optimal delivery of preventative strategies.
methodsWe used a matched, nested case-control study design. Cases were children under 5 with a first medically recorded injury, comprising 3,649 thermal injury cases, 4,050 fracture cases and 2,193 poisoning cases, matched on general practice to 94,620 control children.
resultsYounger maternal age and higher birth order increased the odds of all injuries. Children's age of highest injury risk varied by injury type; compared with children under 1 year, thermal injuries were highest in those age 1-2 (OR = 2.43, 95%CI 2.23-2.65), poisonings in those age 2-3 (OR = 7.32, 95%CI 6.26-8.58) and fractures in those age 3-5 (OR = N 3.80, 95%CI 3.42-4.23). Increasing deprivation was an important modifiable risk factor for poisonings and thermal injuries (tests for trend p ≤ 0.001) as were hazardous/harmful alcohol consumption by a household adult (OR = 1.73, 95%CI 1.26-2.38 and OR = 1.39, 95%CI 1.07-1.81 respectively) and maternal diagnosis of depression (OR = 1.45, 95%CI 1.24-1.70 and OR = 1.16, 95%CI 1.02-1.32 respectively). Fracture was not associated with these factors, however, not living in single-adult household reduced the odds of fracture (OR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.82-0.95).
conclusionsMaternal depression, hazardous/harmful adult alcohol consumption and socioeconomic deprivation represent important modifiable risk factors for thermal injury and poisoning but not fractures in preschool children. Since these risk factors can be ascertained from routine primary care records, pre-school children's frequent visits to primary care present an opportunity to reduce injury risk by implementing effective preventative interventions from existing national guidelines.
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