ArticlePLoS pathogens2012
Sequential delivery of host-induced virulence effectors by appressoria and intracellular hyphae of the phytopathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 184 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
184 citing papers in PubMed, 379 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Nano-Enabled Precision Management of Plant Anthracnose: Mechanisms of Action, Application Advances, and Future Perspectives.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Effector FpECIR from Fusarium pseudograminearum targets wheat ethylene signaling pathway to suppress plant immunity.Stress biology · 2026Article
- Quiescence of postharvest pathogens: a fungal inhibition process or an immune response of the unripe host fruit?The New phytologist · 2026Review
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- Necrosis-Suppressing Effector Protein ChEC88 Adopts a Novel Structural Motif Conserved Among Genus-Spanning Hemibiotrophic Phytopathogens.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- High-Quality Assembly of the Apple Fungal PathogenPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring effector candidates in Rhynchosporium commune: insights into their expression dynamics during barley infection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Early detection of fungal infection of Arabidopsis and brassica by Raman spectroscopy.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Apple Bitter Rot: Biology, Ecology, Omics, Virulence Factors, and Management of Causal Colletotrichum Species.Molecular plant pathology · 2025Review
- Differential gene expression in ripe mango fruit (Frontiers in fungal biology · 2025Article
- Decoding sugarcane smut: the role of effector SsEF83 in fungal virulence and plant interaction.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Functional Characterization of the Transcription Factor GeneJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Unveiling the Arsenal of Apple Bitter Rot Fungi: Comparative Genomics Identifies Candidate Effectors, CAZymes, and Biosynthetic Gene Clusters inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- What are the 100 most cited fungal genera?Studies in mycology · 2024Article
124 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedvan Themaat, Emiel Ver Loren [corrected to Ver Loren van Themaat, E]
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Phytopathogens secrete effector proteins to manipulate their hosts for effective colonization. Hemibiotrophic fungi must maintain host viability during initial biotrophic growth and elicit host death for subsequent necrotrophic growth. To identify effectors mediating these opposing processes, we deeply sequenced the transcriptome of Colletotrichum higginsianum infecting Arabidopsis. Most effector genes are host-induced and expressed in consecutive waves associated with pathogenic transitions, indicating distinct effector suites are deployed at each stage. Using fluorescent protein tagging and transmission electron microscopy-immunogold labelling, we found effectors localised to stage-specific compartments at the host-pathogen interface. In particular, we show effectors are focally secreted from appressorial penetration pores before host invasion, revealing new levels of functional complexity for this fungal organ. Furthermore, we demonstrate that antagonistic effectors either induce or suppress plant cell death. Based on these results we conclude that hemibiotrophy in Colletotrichum is orchestrated through the coordinated expression of antagonistic effectors supporting either cell viability or cell death.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.