Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22496332›Full record

SynthesisThe European respiratory journal2012

Efficacy, safety and tolerability of linezolid containing regimens in treating MDR-TB and XDR-TB: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Giovanni Sotgiu, Rosella Centis, Lia D'Ambrosio, Jan-William C Alffenaar, Holly A Anger, Jose A Caminero, Paolo Castiglia, Saverio De Lorenzo, Giovanni Ferrara, Won-Jung Koh and 11 more

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The European respiratory journal, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 149 papers, 16 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
149citing papers in PubMed, 16 pooled it
19.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04062201 phase3completednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

An Open Label, Randomized Controlled Trial to Establish the Efficacy and Safety of a Study Strategy Consisting of 6 Months of Bedaquiline (BDQ), Delamanid (DLM), and Linezolid (LNZ), With Levofloxacin (LVX) and Clofazimine (CFZ) Compared to the Current South African Standard of Care (Control Strategy) for 9 Months for the Treatment of Rifampicin Resistant Tuberculosis (RR-TB)

TypeinterventionalSponsorWits Health Consortium (Pty) LtdRan2019 to 2024Enrolled402ConditionsTuberculosis, Pre-XDR-TB, Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Multi Drug Resistant TuberculosisArmsBedaquiline Oral Tablet, Linezolid Oral Tablet, Delamanid in Oral Dosage Form, Clofazimine Oral Product, Levofloxacin Oral Tablet
NCT06590428 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Linezolid in the Treatment of Rifampin-resistant Tuberculosis

TypeinterventionalSponsorAlbert Einstein College of MedicineRan2026 to 2029Enrolled280ConditionsRifampin-resistant Tuberculosis, Drug-resistant TuberculosisArmsTherapeutic Drug Monitoring for Linezolid
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

149 citing papers in PubMed, 16 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 404 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Bedaquiline and linezolid regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2025
    Pooled it
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  8. Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. An Official ATS/CDC/ERS/IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2019
    Guideline
  9. Linezolid for drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019
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  17. Proposed Linezolid Dosing Strategies to Minimize Adverse Events for Treatment of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022
    Trial
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89 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors at 12 institutions in 9 countries.

Giovanni SotgiuEpidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Dept of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Rosella Centis
Lia D'Ambrosio
Jan-William C Alffenaar
Holly A Anger
Jose A Caminero
Paolo Castiglia
Saverio De Lorenzo
Giovanni Ferrara
Won-Jung Koh
Giesela F Schecter
Tae S Shim
Rupak Singla
Alena Skrahina
Antonio Spanevello
Zarir F Udwadia
Miquel Villar
Elisabetta Zampogna
Jean-Pierre Zellweger
Alimuddin Zumla
Giovanni Battista Migliori
World Health Organization - Pakistan · PKUniversity of Sassari · ITHospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín · ESLRS Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases · INNew York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene · USP. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre · INSungkyunkwan University · KRUniversity College London · GBUniversity of Insubria · ITUniversity of Lausanne · CHUniversity of Perugia · ITUniversity of Ulsan · KR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Linezolid is used off-label to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in absence of systematic evidence. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on efficacy, safety and tolerability of linezolid-containing regimes based on individual data analysis. 12 studies (11 countries from three continents) reporting complete information on safety, tolerability, efficacy of linezolid-containing regimes in treating MDR-TB cases were identified based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Meta-analysis was performed using the individual data of 121 patients with a definite treatment outcome (cure, completion, death or failure). Most MDR-TB cases achieved sputum smear (86 (92.5%) out of 93) and culture (100 (93.5%) out of 107) conversion after treatment with individualised regimens containing linezolid (median (inter-quartile range) times for smear and culture conversions were 43.5 (21-90) and 61 (29-119) days, respectively) and 99 (81.8%) out of 121 patients were successfully treated. No significant differences were detected in the subgroup efficacy analysis (daily linezolid dosage ≤ 600 mg versus >600 mg). Adverse events were observed in 63 (58.9%) out of 107 patients, of which 54 (68.4%) out of 79 were major adverse events that included anaemia (38.1%), peripheral neuropathy (47.1%), gastro-intestinal disorders (16.7%), optic neuritis (13.2%) and thrombocytopenia (11.8%). The proportion of adverse events was significantly higher when the linezolid daily dosage exceeded 600 mg. The study results suggest an excellent efficacy but also the necessity of caution in the prescription of linezolid.

Indexed as

AcetamidesAdolescentAdultAntitubercular AgentsExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFemaleHumansLinezolidMaleMiddle AgedOxazolidinonesPatient SafetySputumTreatment OutcomeTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantAcetamidesAntitubercular AgentsLinezolidOxazolidinones

Identifiers

PMID22496332
OpenAlexW2108960489

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.