Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22495912›Full record

SynthesisAutism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research2012

Global prevalence of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders.

Mayada Elsabbagh, Gauri Divan, Yun-Joo Koh, Young Shin Kim, Shuaib Kauchali, Carlos Marcín, Cecilia Montiel-Nava, Vikram Patel, Cristiane S Paula, Chongying Wang and 2 more

3 registry-linked trialsAbstract readComparative StudySystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 960 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
960citing papers in PubMed, 13 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02410902 phase3completednot on this mapstarted 2015, after this paper: background citation

A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of CM-AT for the Treatment of Autism in Children With All Levels of Fecal Chymotrypsin (FCT)

TypeinterventionalSponsorCuremarkRan2015 to 2017Enrolled190ConditionsAutismArmsCM-AT, PLACEBO
NCT02649959 phase3active not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2015, after this paper: background citation

An Open-Label Extension Study of CM-AT for the Treatment of Children With Autism With All Levels of Fecal Chymotrypsin

TypeinterventionalSponsorCuremarkRan2015 to 2028Enrolled405ConditionsAutismArmsCM-AT
NCT04942522 phase1unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Application of Probiotic PS128 (Lactobacillus Plantarum, PS128) in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

TypeinterventionalSponsorYan HaoRan2021 to 2023Enrolled80ConditionsAutism Spectrum DisorderArmsprobiotics PS128, placebo (Microcrystalline cellulose )
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

960 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Autism, youth suicide, and psychedelics: A review of the 21st century evidence.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2024
    Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Pooled it
  11. Cortical thickness abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024
    Pooled it
  12. Pooled it
  13. Pooled it
  14. Trial
  15. Trial
  16. Trial
  17. Trial
  18. Trial
  19. Trial
  20. Gut microbes · 2026
    Article

900 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Mayada ElsabbaghDepartment of Psychiatry, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada; Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK.
Gauri Divan
Yun-Joo Koh
Young Shin Kim
Shuaib Kauchali
Carlos Marcín
Cecilia Montiel-Nava
Vikram Patel
Cristiane S Paula
Chongying Wang
Mohammad Taghi Yasamy
Eric Fombonne

Funding

Autism Speaks AS5621Wellcome Trust 091834
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We provide a systematic review of epidemiological surveys of autistic disorder and pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) worldwide. A secondary aim was to consider the possible impact of geographic, cultural/ethnic, and socioeconomic factors on prevalence estimates and on clinical presentation of PDD. Based on the evidence reviewed, the median of prevalence estimates of autism spectrum disorders was 62/10 000. While existing estimates are variable, the evidence reviewed does not support differences in PDD prevalence by geographic region nor of a strong impact of ethnic/cultural or socioeconomic factors. However, power to detect such effects is seriously limited in existing data sets, particularly in low-income countries. While it is clear that prevalence estimates have increased over time and these vary in different neighboring and distant regions, these findings most likely represent broadening of the diagnostic concets, diagnostic switching from other developmental disabilities to PDD, service availability, and awareness of autistic spectrum disorders in both the lay and professional public. The lack of evidence from the majority of the world's population suggests a critical need for further research and capacity building in low- and middle-income countries.

Indexed as

Global HealthAutistic DisorderChildChild Development Disorders, PervasiveCross-Cultural ComparisonCross-Sectional StudiesDeveloping CountriesHealth SurveysHumansSocioeconomic Factors

Identifiers

PMID22495912
PMCPMC3763210

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.