Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22495309›Full record

ArticleNature2012

Sporadic autism exomes reveal a highly interconnected protein network of de novo mutations.

Brian J O'Roak, Laura Vives, Santhosh Girirajan, Emre Karakoc, Niklas Krumm, Bradley P Coe, Roie Levy, Arthur Ko, Choli Lee, Joshua D Smith and 13 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,300 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,300citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
117.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1,300 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 2,212 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. The mMolecular psychiatry · 2026
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  16. Molecular Acrobats: How CHD Remodelers Shape the Genetic Playground to License Cell Identity.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2026
    Review
  17. Article
  18. A Developmental Neuroimmune Cascade Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

1,240 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Brian J O'RoakDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
Laura Vives
Santhosh Girirajan
Emre Karakoc
Niklas Krumm
Bradley P Coe
Roie Levy
Arthur Ko
Choli Lee
Joshua D Smith
Emily H Turner
Ian B Stanaway
Benjamin Vernot
Maika Malig
Carl Baker
Beau Reilly
Joshua M Akey
Elhanan Borenstein
Mark J Rieder
Deborah A Nickerson
Raphael Bernier
Jay Shendure
Evan E Eichler
University of Washington · USSanta Fe Institute · US

Funding

Northwest Genomics CenterUC2HL102926 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI GREEN, PHILIP P, NICKERSON, DEBORAH A · 2010 to 2010
$14.0M
Northwest Genomics CenterRC2HL102926 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI GREEN, PHILIP P, NICKERSON, DEBORAH A · 2009 to 2009
$11.0M
SeattleSeqR01HL094976 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI EICHLER, EVAN, GREEN, PHILIP P · 2008 to 2009
$4.0M
Genomic Identification of Autism LociR01HD065285 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI EICHLER, EVAN · 2009 to 2010
$2.6M
ARRA - NHLBI Lung Cohorts Sequencing ProjectRC2HL102923 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI BAMSHAD, MICHAEL JOSEPH, BARNES, KATHLEEN C · 2009 to 2009
$2.6M
WHI Sequencing Project (WHISP)UC2HL102924 · NHLBI · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI CARLSON, CHRISTOPHER S, JACKSON, REBECCA D · 2010 to 2010
$2.4M
WHI Sequencing Project (WHISP)RC2HL102924 · NHLBI · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI CARLSON, CHRISTOPHER S, JACKSON, REBECCA D · 2009 to 2009
$2.1M
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNHLBI NIH HHS HL 094976NHLBI NIH HHS HL 1029230NHLBI NIH HHS HL 102924NHLBI NIH HHS HL102926NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL094976NHLBI NIH HHS RC2 HL102923NHLBI NIH HHS RC2 HL102924NHLBI NIH HHS RC2 HL102926NHLBI NIH HHS UC2 HL102924NHLBI NIH HHS UC2 HL102926NICHD NIH HHS HD065285NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD065285NIEHS NIH HHS HHSN273200800010C
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

It is well established that autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have a strong genetic component; however, for at least 70% of cases, the underlying genetic cause is unknown. Under the hypothesis that de novo mutations underlie a substantial fraction of the risk for developing ASD in families with no previous history of ASD or related phenotypes--so-called sporadic or simplex families--we sequenced all coding regions of the genome (the exome) for parent-child trios exhibiting sporadic ASD, including 189 new trios and 20 that were previously reported. Additionally, we also sequenced the exomes of 50 unaffected siblings corresponding to these new (n = 31) and previously reported trios (n = 19), for a total of 677 individual exomes from 209 families. Here we show that de novo point mutations are overwhelmingly paternal in origin (4:1 bias) and positively correlated with paternal age, consistent with the modest increased risk for children of older fathers to develop ASD. Moreover, 39% (49 of 126) of the most severe or disruptive de novo mutations map to a highly interconnected β-catenin/chromatin remodelling protein network ranked significantly for autism candidate genes. In proband exomes, recurrent protein-altering mutations were observed in two genes: CHD8 and NTNG1. Mutation screening of six candidate genes in 1,703 ASD probands identified additional de novo, protein-altering mutations in GRIN2B, LAMC3 and SCN1A. Combined with copy number variant (CNV) data, these results indicate extreme locus heterogeneity but also provide a target for future discovery, diagnostics and therapeutics.

Indexed as

Autistic Disorderbeta CateninDNA-Binding ProteinsExomeExonsGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGPI-Linked ProteinsHumansLamininNAV1.1 Voltage-Gated Sodium ChannelNerve Tissue ProteinsNetrinsParentsPoint MutationProtein Interaction MapsReceptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartatebeta CateninCHD8 protein, humanDNA-Binding ProteinsGPI-Linked ProteinsLAMC3 protein, humanLamininNAV1.1 Voltage-Gated Sodium ChannelNerve Tissue ProteinsNetrinsNR2B NMDA receptorNTNG1 protein, humanReceptors, N-Methyl-D-AspartateSCN1A protein, humanSodium ChannelsTranscription FactorsTumor Suppressor Protein p53

Identifiers

PMID22495309
PMCPMC3350576
OpenAlexW1964444099

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.