ArticlePublic health nutrition2013
Breakfast consumption and CVD risk factors in European adolescents: the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05000944 (Impact of Breakfast Consumption Timing on Postprandial Glycaemia and Insulinaemia in Adolescent Girls Who Habitually Skip Breakfast), which is not on this map. Cited by 55 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Impact of Breakfast Consumption Timing on Postprandial Glycaemia and Insulinaemia in Adolescent Girls Who Habitually Skip Breakfast
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breakfast skipping and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents: Systematic review.Revista de saude publica · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Impact of breakfast consumption timingThe British journal of nutrition · 2025Trial
- Preliminary Evidence Supports that Long-Term Consumption of Higher-Protein Breakfast Promotes Higher Expression of Select miRNA Associated with Cardiometabolic Health in Adolescents.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents: a European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statement.European heart journal · 2026Article
- Beyond theChildren (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Role of Exercise in Fat Oxidation and Its Impact on Adolescent Metabolism.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
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- Urban-Rural Disparities in the Association Between Dietary Patterns and Physical Fitness Among Chinese Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Review
- Dietary and activity habits associated with hypertension in Kunming school-aged children and adolescents: A multilevel analysis of the study of hypertension risks in children and adolescents.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- A randomised crossover trial of nitrate and breakfast on prefrontal cognitive and haemodynamic response functions.NPJ science of food · 2024Article
- Article
- Breakfast Quality and Insulin Resistance in Spanish Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Association between skipping breakfast and prediabetes among adolescence in Japan: Results from A-CHILD study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Article
- Association between Dietary Patterns and Physical Fitness among Chinese Children and Adolescents in Shaanxi Province.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 9 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the association between breakfast consumption and CVD risk factors in European adolescents.
designCross-sectional. Breakfast consumption was assessed by the statement ‘I often skip breakfast’ and categorized into ‘consumer’, ‘occasional consumer’ and ‘skipper’. Blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference, skinfold thickness, total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), TAG, insulin and glucose were measured and BMI, TC:HDL-C, LDL-C:HDL-C and homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were calculated.
settingThe European Union-funded HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study. SUBJECTS: European adolescents, aged 12?50–17?49 years, from ten cities within the HELENA study (n 2929, n 925 with blood sample, 53% females).
resultsIn males, significant differences across breakfast consumption category (‘consumer’, ‘occasional consumer’ and ‘skipper’) were seen for age, BMI, skinfold thickness, waist circumference, cardiorespiratory fitness, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, TC:HDL-C, LDL-C:HDL-C, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and LDL-C; in females, for cardiorespiratory fitness, skinfold thickness, BMI, insulin and HOMA-IR. In overweight/obese males significant differences were also seen for TC and LDL-C, whereas no differences were observed in non-overweight males or in females regardless of weight status.
conclusionsOur findings among European adolescents confirm previous data indicating that adolescents who regularly consume breakfast have lower body fat content. The results also show that regular breakfast consumption is associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents, and with a healthier cardiovascular profile, especially in males. Eating breakfast regularly may also negate somewhat the effect of excess adiposity on TC and LDL-C, especially in male adolescents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.