Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22493253›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012

Footprints of positive selection associated with a mutation (N1575Y) in the voltage-gated sodium channel of Anopheles gambiae.

Christopher M Jones, Milindu Liyanapathirana, Fiacre R Agossa, David Weetman, Hilary Ranson, Martin James Donnelly, Craig S Wilding

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 144 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
144citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

144 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Synergistic action of different molecular mechanisms causes striking levels of insecticide resistance in the malaria vectorProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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  4. Complex non-Research square · 2026
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  9. Insecticide resistance dynamics inGigaByte (Hong Kong, China) · 2026
    Article
  10. Distinct Genetic Footprint of Adaptation Observed WithinResearch and reports in tropical medicine · 2026
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Christopher M JonesVector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom.
Milindu Liyanapathirana
Fiacre R Agossa
David Weetman
Hilary Ranson
Martin James Donnelly
Craig S Wilding

Funding

Development of a Field Applicable Screening Tool (FAST) kit for detecting resistaR01AI082734 · NIAID · TMLIVERPOOL SCHOOL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE · PI DONNELLY, MARTIN JAMES · 2009 to 2013
$1.6M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI082734NIAID NIH HHS R01AI082734
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Insecticide resistance is an ideal model to study the emergence and spread of adaptative variants. In the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, this is complemented by a strong public health rationale. In this insect, resistance to pyrethroid and DDT insecticides is strongly associated with the mutations L1014F and L1014S within the para voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC). Across much of West Africa, 1014F frequency approaches fixation. Here, we document the emergence of a mutation, N1575Y, within the linker between domains III-IV of the VGSC. In data extending over 40 kbp of the VGSC 1575Y occurs on only a single long-range haplotype, also bearing 1014F. The 1014F-1575Y haplotype was found in both M and S molecular forms of An. gambiae in West/Central African sample sites separated by up to 2,000 km. In Burkina Faso M form, 1575Y allele frequency rose significantly from 0.053 to 0.172 between 2008 and 2010. Extended haplotype homozygosity analysis of the wild-type 1575N allele showed rapid decay of linkage disequilibrium (LD), in sharp contrast to the extended LD exhibited by 1575Y. A haplotype with long-range LD and high/increasing frequency is a classical sign of strong positive selection acting on a recent mutant. 1575Y occurs ubiquitously on a 1014F haplotypic background, suggesting that the N1575Y mutation compensates for deleterious fitness effects of 1014F and/or confers additional resistance to insecticides. Haplotypic tests of association suggest the latter: The 1014F-1575Y haplotype confers a significant additive benefit above 1014F-1575N for survival to DDT (M form P = 0.03) and permethrin (S form P = 0.003).

Indexed as

Ion Channel GatingMutationSelection, GeneticAnimalsAnophelesHaplotypesHomozygoteInsecticide ResistanceSodium ChannelsSodium Channels

Identifiers

PMID22493253
PMCPMC3340067

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.