Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22491692›Full record

ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2012

Spanish multicenter study of the epidemiology and mechanisms of amoxicillin-clavulanate resistance in Escherichia coli.

Adriana Ortega, Jesús Oteo, Maitane Aranzamendi-Zaldumbide, Rosa M Bartolomé, Germán Bou, Emilia Cercenado, M Carmen Conejo, Juan José González-López, Mercedes Marín, Luis Martínez-Martínez and 9 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Shifts inMicrobiology spectrum · 2025
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  3. Community Emergence of Cefixime-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
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  6. Three-Year Trend inChildren (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
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  13. Genetic Environment ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2018
    Article
  14. Observational
  15. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.

Adriana OrtegaLaboratorio de Antibióticos, Bacteriología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
Jesús Oteo
Maitane Aranzamendi-Zaldumbide
Rosa M Bartolomé
Germán Bou
Emilia Cercenado
M Carmen Conejo
Juan José González-López
Mercedes Marín
Luis Martínez-Martínez
María Merino
Ferran Navarro
Antonio Oliver
Alvaro Pascual
Alba Rivera
Jesús Rodríguez-Baño
Irene Weber
Belén Aracil
José Campos
Universidad de Sevilla · ESUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona · ESCentro Nacional de Microbiologia · ESFundación Marques de Valdecilla · ESHospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón · ESHospital Universitario Son Espases · ESInstituto de Salud Carlos III · ESComplexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña · ESHospital de Sant Pau · ESInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña · ES

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We conducted a prospective multicenter study in Spain to characterize the mechanisms of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC) in Escherichia coli. Up to 44 AMC-resistant E. coli isolates (MIC ≥ 32/16 μg/ml) were collected at each of the seven participant hospitals. Resistance mechanisms were characterized by PCR and sequencing. Molecular epidemiology was studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and by multilocus sequence typing. Overall AMC resistance was 9.3%. The resistance mechanisms detected in the 257 AMC-resistant isolates were OXA-1 production (26.1%), hyperproduction of penicillinase (22.6%), production of plasmidic AmpC (19.5%), hyperproduction of chromosomic AmpC (18.3%), and production of inhibitor-resistant TEM (IRT) (17.5%). The IRTs identified were TEM-40 (33.3%), TEM-30 (28.9%), TEM-33 (11.1%), TEM-32 (4.4%), TEM-34 (4.4%), TEM-35 (2.2%), TEM-54 (2.2%), TEM-76 (2.2%), TEM-79 (2.2%), and the new TEM-185 (8.8%). By PFGE, a high degree of genetic diversity was observed although two well-defined clusters were detected in the OXA-1-producing isolates: the C1 cluster consisting of 19 phylogroup A/sequence type 88 [ST88] isolates and the C2 cluster consisting of 19 phylogroup B2/ST131 isolates (16 of them producing CTX-M-15). Each of the clusters was detected in six different hospitals. In total, 21.8% of the isolates were serotype O25b/phylogroup B2 (O25b/B2). AMC resistance in E. coli is widespread in Spain at the hospital and community levels. A high prevalence of OXA-1 was found. Although resistant isolates were genetically diverse, clonality was linked to OXA-1-producing isolates of the STs 88 and 131. Dissemination of IRTs was frequent, and the epidemic O25b/B2/ST131 clone carried many different mechanisms of AMC resistance.

Indexed as

Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate CombinationDrug Resistance, BacterialEscherichia coliEscherichia coli InfectionsMolecular EpidemiologyProspective StudiesSpainAmoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination

Identifiers

PMID22491692
PMCPMC3393459
OpenAlexW1989648467

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.