ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2012
Co-delivery of antigen and IL-12 by Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles enhances antigen-specific immune responses and antitumor effects.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Phase II Study of Docetaxel and Pembrolizumab plus Interleukin 12 Gene Therapy in Nonmetastatic, Anthracycline-Refractory Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (INTEGRAL).Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Trial
- Colorectal cancer and tumor vaccines (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Arboviruses in Cancer therapy: pros and cons.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- Replicon RNA vaccines: design, delivery, and immunogenicity in infectious diseases and cancer.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- IL-12-mediated toxicity from localized oncolytic virotherapy can be reduced using systemic TNF blockade.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2024Article
- Cancer immunotherapy with enveloped self-amplifying mRNA CARG-2020 that modulates IL-12, IL-17 and PD-L1 pathways to prevent tumor recurrence.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Article
- CEA vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Review
- Cancer vaccine strategies using self-replicating RNA viral platforms.Cancer gene therapy · 2023Review
- Cancer vaccine strategies using self-replicating RNA viral platforms.Cancer gene therapy · 2023Review
- Alphaviruses in Immunotherapy and Anticancer Therapy.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Alphavirus Replicon Particle Vaccine Breaks B Cell Tolerance and Rapidly Induces IgG to Murine Hematolymphoid Tumor Associated Antigens.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Vanadyl sulfate-enhanced oncolytic virus immunotherapy mediates the antitumor immune response by upregulating the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Alphaviruses in Cancer Therapy.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
- Intratumoral Plasmid IL12 Expands CD8Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2021Article
- Self-Replicating RNAs Drive Protective Anti-tumor T Cell Responses to Neoantigen Vaccine Targets in a Combinatorial Approach.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2021Article
- Localized Interleukin-12 for Cancer Immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Significantly increased anti-tumor activity of carcinoembryonic antigen-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells in combination with recombinant human IL-12.Cancer medicine · 2019Article
- Multigenerational cohorts in patients with asthma and allergy.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2017Review
- Article
- Novel recombinant alphaviral and adenoviral vectors for cancer immunotherapy.Seminars in oncology · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus-based replicon particle (VRPs) encoding tumor antigens could break tolerance in the immunomodulatory environment of advanced cancer. We hypothesized that local injection of VRP-expressing interleukin-12 (IL-12) at the site of injections of VRP-based cancer vaccines would enhance the tumor-antigen-specific T cell and antibody responses and antitumor efficacy. Mice were immunized with VRP encoding the human tumor-associated antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (VRP-CEA(6D)), and VRP-IL-12 was also administered at the same site or at a distant location. CEA-specific T cell and antibody responses were measured. To determine antitumor activity, mice were implanted with MC38-CEA-2 cells and immunized with VRP-CEA with and without VRP-IL-12, and tumor growth and mouse survival were measured. VRP-IL-12 greatly enhanced CEA-specific T cell and antibody responses when combined with VRP-CEA(6D) vaccination. VRP-IL-12 was superior to IL-12 protein at enhancing immune responses. Vaccination with VRP-CEA(6D) plus VRP-IL-12 was superior to VRP-CEA(6D) or VRP-IL-12 alone in inducing antitumor activity and prolonging survival in tumor-bearing mice. Importantly, local injection of VRP-IL-12 at the VRP-CEA(6D) injection site provided more potent activation of CEA-specific immune responses than that of VRP-IL-12 injected at a distant site from the VRP-CEA injections. Together, this study shows that VRP-IL-12 enhances vaccination with VRP-CEA(6D) and was more effective at activating CEA-specific T cell responses when locally expressed at the vaccine site. Clinical trials evaluating the adjuvant effect of VRP-IL-12 at enhancing the immunogenicity of cancer vaccines are warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.