ReviewThe European journal of neuroscience2012
Surprise! Neural correlates of Pearce-Hall and Rescorla-Wagner coexist within the brain.
Review in The European journal of neuroscience, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed.
- Brain networks for confidence weighting and hierarchical inference during probabilistic learning.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Trial
- Grin2a knockout in adolescent dopamine neurons disrupts prediction error signaling and produces a phenotype relevant to schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- The inherent capacity of neurons to learn order relations and support abstract reasoning.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Contribution of amygdala to dynamic model arbitration under uncertainty.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Neural variability in the medial prefrontal cortex contributes to efficient adaptive behavior.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Higher motivation and pleasure scores predict more reliance on model-free decision making.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Applying Bayesian Multilevel Modeling to Single Trial Dynamics: A Demonstration in Aversive Conditioning.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Difficult-to-Treat Anxiety: A Neurocomputational Framework.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025Review
- A nonlinear relationship between prediction errors and learning rates in human reinforcement-learning.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Interpretation of individual differences in computational neuroscience using a latent input approach.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Review
- Pavlovian safety learning: An integrative theoretical review.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2025Review
- SNARC effect in a transfer paradigm: long-lasting effects of stimulus-response compatibility practices.Psychological research · 2025Article
- Neural correlates of reduced sensitivity to information about uncertainty during valuation in older adults: An fNIRS study.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Practice-induced SNARC: evidence from a null-SNARC sample.Cognitive processing · 2024Article
- Neurons of Macaque Frontal Eye Field Signal Reward-Related Surprise.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Anterior cingulate cortex lesions impair multiple facets of task engagement not mediated by dorsomedial striatum neuron firing.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Neural Representation of Valenced and Generic Probability and Uncertainty.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Optogenetic Inhibition of Rat Anterior Cingulate Cortex Impairs the Ability to Initiate and Stay on Task.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- A neural network model for the evolution of learning in changing environments.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Acceleration of inferred neural responses to oddball targets in an individual with bilateral amygdala lesion compared to healthy controls.Scientific reports · 2023Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Learning theory and computational accounts suggest that learning depends on errors in outcome prediction as well as changes in processing of or attention to events. These divergent ideas are captured by models, such as Rescorla-Wagner (RW) and temporal difference (TD) learning on the one hand, which emphasize errors as directly driving changes in associative strength, vs. models such as Pearce-Hall (PH) and more recent variants on the other hand, which propose that errors promote changes in associative strength by modulating attention and processing of events. Numerous studies have shown that phasic firing of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons carries a signed error signal consistent with RW or TD learning theories, and recently we have shown that this signal can be dissociated from attentional correlates in the basolateral amygdala and anterior cingulate. Here we will review these data along with new evidence: (i) implicating habenula and striatal regions in supporting error signaling in midbrain DA neurons; and (ii) suggesting that the central nucleus of the amygdala and prefrontal regions process the amygdalar attentional signal. However, while the neural instantiations of the RW and PH signals are dissociable and complementary, they may be linked. Any linkage would have implications for understanding why one signal dominates learning in some situations and not others, and also for appreciating the potential impact on learning of neuropathological conditions involving altered DA or amygdalar function, such as schizophrenia, addiction or anxiety disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.