Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22486275›Full record

ArticleHuman gene therapy2012

A prospective study in the rational design of efficient antisense oligonucleotides for exon skipping in the DMD gene.

Zacharias Aloysius Dwi Pramono, Keng Boon Wee, Jian Li Wang, Yi Jun Chen, Qian Bin Xiong, Poh San Lai, Woon Chee Yee

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Human gene therapy, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 31% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. BLOC1S1 depletion via splice-switching oligonucleotides improves mitochondrial respiration and rescues ALS phenotypes.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026
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  14. Quantitative Antisense Screening and Optimization for Exon 51 Skipping in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2017
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  19. Dual masking of specific negative splicing regulatory elements resulted in maximal exon 7 inclusion of SMN2 gene.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2014
    Article
  20. Introduction to cotranscriptional RNA splicing.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2014
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Zacharias Aloysius Dwi PramonoNational Skin Centre, Singapore 308205, Singapore. dpsarengat@nsc.gov.sg
Keng Boon Wee
Jian Li Wang
Yi Jun Chen
Qian Bin Xiong
Poh San Lai
Woon Chee Yee
Singapore General Hospital · SGAgency for Science, Technology and Research · SGNational Neuroscience Institute · SGNational Skin Centre · SGNational University of Singapore · SG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antisense oligonucleotide (AON)-mediated exon skipping to restore dystrophin expression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) therapy shown promise in a number of human clinical trials. Current AON design methods are semi-empirical, involving either trial-and-error and/or preliminary experimentations. Therefore, a rational approach to design efficient AONs to address the wide spectrum of patients' mutations is desirable. Retrospective studies have extracted many AON design variables, but they were not tested prospectively to design AONs for skipping DMD exons. Not only did the variables differ among the various studies, no numerical cutoff for each variable was inferred, which makes their use in AON design difficult. The challenge is to thus select a minimal set of key independent variables that can consistently design efficient AONs. In this prospective study, a novel set of design variables with respective cutoff values was used to design 23 novel AONs, each to skip one of nine DMD exons. Nineteen AONs were found to be efficacious in inducing specific exon skipping (83% of total), of which 14 were considered efficient (61% of total), i.e., they induced exon skipping in >25% of total transcripts. Notably, the satisfactory success rates were achieved by using only three design variables; namely, co-transcriptional binding accessibility of target site, presence of exonic splicing enhancers, and target length. Retrospective analyses revealed that the most efficient AON in every exon targeted has the lowest average cumulative position (ACP) score. Taking the prospective and retrospective studies together, we propose that design guidelines recommend using the ACP score to select the most efficient AON for each exon.

Indexed as

ExonsGenetic TherapyAlgorithmsAlternative SplicingBase SequenceCells, CulturedComputer SimulationDystrophinHumansModels, MolecularMuscular Dystrophy, DuchenneMyoblastsNucleic Acid ConformationOligonucleotides, AntisenseProspective StudiesProtein IsoformsDMD protein, humanDystrophinOligonucleotides, AntisenseProtein IsoformsRNA Precursors

Identifiers

PMID22486275
PMCPMC3404420
OpenAlexW2084325394

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.