ArticleIEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering2012
Modular closed-loop control of diabetes.
Article in IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 176 citations in OpenAlex.
- Randomized Controlled Trial of Mobile Closed-Loop Control.Diabetes care · 2020Trial
- Successful At-Home Use of the Tandem Control-IQ Artificial Pancreas System in Young Children During a Randomized Controlled Trial.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2019Trial
- Artificial Pancreas: Clinical Study in Latin America Without Premeal Insulin Boluses.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2018Trial
- Accuracy of a CGM Sensor in Pediatric Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes. Comparison of Three Insertion Sites: Arm, Abdomen, and Gluteus.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2017Trial
- Overnight Closed-Loop Control Improves Glycemic Control in a Multicenter Study of Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2017Trial
- Multinational Home Use of Closed-Loop Control Is Safe and Effective.Diabetes care · 2016Trial
- Sensitivity of the Predictive Hypoglycemia Minimizer System to the Algorithm Aggressiveness Factor.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2015Trial
- Safety of outpatient closed-loop control: first randomized crossover trials of a wearable artificial pancreas.Diabetes care · 2014Trial
- Artificial pancreas using a personalized rule-based controller achieves overnight normoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2014Trial
- Trial
- Model-based closed-loop glucose control in type 1 diabetes: the DiaCon experience.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2013Trial
- Fully integrated artificial pancreas in type 1 diabetes: modular closed-loop glucose control maintains near normoglycemia.Diabetes · 2012Trial
- Glucose forecasting and hypoglycemia forewarning in type 1 and type 2 diabetes using deep learning.iScience · 2026Article
- An overview of the t:slim X2 and Mobi insulin pumps with Control-IQ technology: patient safety and device efficacy.Expert review of medical devices · 2025Review
- Metabolic Models, in Silico Trials, and Algorithms.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2025Review
- Metabolic Models, in Silico Trials, and Algorithms.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2025Review
- The importance of interpreting machine learning models for blood glucose prediction in diabetes: an analysis using SHAP.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Constrained IoT-Based Machine Learning for Accurate Glycemia Forecasting in Type 1 Diabetes Patients.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Real-World Evidence Supporting Tandem Control-IQ Hybrid Closed-Loop Success in the Medicare and Medicaid Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Populations.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2022Article
- Fluidic enabled bioelectronic implants: opportunities and challenges.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Modularity plays a key role in many engineering systems, allowing for plug-and-play integration of components, enhancing flexibility and adaptability, and facilitating standardization. In the control of diabetes, i.e., the so-called "artificial pancreas," modularity allows for the step-wise introduction of (and regulatory approval for) algorithmic components, starting with subsystems for assured patient safety and followed by higher layer components that serve to modify the patient's basal rate in real time. In this paper, we introduce a three-layer modular architecture for the control of diabetes, consisting in a sensor/pump interface module (IM), a continuous safety module (CSM), and a real-time control module (RTCM), which separates the functions of insulin recommendation (postmeal insulin for mitigating hyperglycemia) and safety (prevention of hypoglycemia). In addition, we provide details of instances of all three layers of the architecture: the APS© serving as the IM, the safety supervision module (SSM) serving as the CSM, and the range correction module (RCM) serving as the RTCM. We evaluate the performance of the integrated system via in silico preclinical trials, demonstrating 1) the ability of the SSM to reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia under nonideal operating conditions and 2) the ability of the RCM to reduce glycemic variability.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.