ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2012
Identifying the HIV transmission bridge: which men are having unsafe sex with female sex workers and with their own wives or steady partners?
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Buffering Syndemic Effects in a Sexual Risk-Reduction Intervention for Male Clients of Female Sex Workers: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial.American journal of public health · 2015Trial
- Hombre Seguro (Safe Men): a sexual risk reduction intervention for male clients of female sex workers.BMC public health · 2014Trial
- Structural conditions, social networks, and the HIV vulnerability among Indonesian male labour migrants and motorbike taxi drivers.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Condomless sexual encounters among female sex workers included in a longitudinal coital diary study in Zimbabwe.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Sampling Strategies for Assessing Male Clients of Female Sex Workers in Public Health Research: A Compilation of Global Evidence.AIDS and behavior · 2025Review
- Examining Factors Associated with Gender Identity Among Individuals Disengaged from HIV Care in Argentina.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2022Article
- Could the 2010 HIV outbreak in Athens, Greece have been prevented? A mathematical modeling study.PloS one · 2021Article
- Paid sex among men in sub-Saharan Africa: Analysis of the demographic and health survey.SSM - population health · 2020Article
- Sexual mixing in opposite-sex partnerships in Britain and its implications for STI risk: findings from the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3).International journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Article
- Symptom-Based Versus Laboratory-Based Diagnosis of Five Sexually Transmitted Infections in Female Sex Workers in Iran.AIDS and behavior · 2018Article
- Modeling the Intervention of HIV Transmission across Intertwined Key Populations.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Behavioral and Psychosocial Correlates of HIV Testing Among Male Clients of Female Sex Workers in Tijuana, Mexico.AIDS and behavior · 2017Article
- Transactional sex and the challenges to safer sexual behaviors: a study among male sex workers in Chennai, India.AIDS care · 2017Article
- Motivations for Reducing Other HIV Risk-Reduction Practices if Taking Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: Findings from a Qualitative Study Among Women in Kenya and South Africa.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2015Article
- The prevalence of, and factors associated with, paying for sex among men resident in Britain: findings from the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3).Sexually transmitted infections · 2015Article
- Population-based study of food insecurity and HIV transmission risk behaviors and symptoms of sexually transmitted infections among linked couples in Nepal.AIDS and behavior · 2014Article
- Correlates of self-efficacy for condom use among male clients of female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico.Archives of sexual behavior · 2014Article
- Can't buy my love: a typology of female sex workers' commercial relationships in the Mexico-U.S. Border Region.Journal of sex research · 2014Article
- Context matters: the moderating role of bar context in the association between substance use during sex and condom use among male clients of female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico.AIDS and behavior · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo gain insights into bridging behaviors and their correlates among male clients of female sex workers (FSWs).
methodsMen aged ≥18 years who recently paid or traded for sex with FSWs were recruited in Tijuana in 2008-2009. Participants underwent interviews and testing for HIV, chlamydia, syphilis, and gonorrhea. Logistic regression compared "bridgers" (clients who had unprotected sex with FSWs and with a wife or steady partner) with men who did not.
resultsOf 383 men, 134 (35%) had a steady partner. Half (n = 70) of those had unprotected sex with both FSWs and the steady partner. Prevalence of any sexually transmitted infection or HIV was 16.5% among bridgers and 2.3% among nonbridgers. Compared with other clients, bridgers were more likely to use drugs during sex with FSWs (81.4% versus 46.9%, P < 0.0001), had higher sensation-seeking (P < 0.0001) and misogyny scores (P = 0.05) and were more likely to offer FSWs extra money for unprotected sex (34.4% versus 1.6%, P < 0.0001). Factors independently associated with bridging were as follows: using drugs during sex with FSWs [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.4, P = 0.007], sensation seeking (AOR: 4.3 per unit increase, P = 0.05), and offering FSWs more money for unprotected sex (AOR: 24.5, P = 0.003).
conclusionSensation-seeking clients who use drugs during sex and coerce FSWs into unprotected sex may be less responsive to standard risk reduction interventions. Interventions are needed that target clients rather than rely on FSWs to change behaviors that may not be under their control.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.