ReviewCellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS2012
Immunological memory ≠ protective immunity.
Review in Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Humoral and Memory B Cell Responses Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and mRNA Vaccination.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Production of recombinant electron transfer flavoprotein beta subunit protein and its application in a lateral flow assay for early diagnosis of leptospirosis.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2025Article
- Protective CD4+ Th1 cell-mediated immunity is reliant upon execution of effector function prior to the establishment of the pathogen niche.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Editorial: Immune Responses to Persistent or Recurrent Antigens: Implications for Immunological Memory and Immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and implications for vaccine development.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Review
- Photochemical Internalization: Light Paves Way for New Cancer Chemotherapies and Vaccines.Cancers · 2020Review
- The Role of Type I IFNs in Influenza: Antiviral Superheroes or Immunopathogenic Villains?Journal of innate immunity · 2020Review
- Maternal Transfer of Natural (Auto-) Antibodies in Chickens.Poultry science · 2019Article
- T-BetCell reports · 2018Article
- The establishment of surrogates and correlates of protection: Useful tools for the licensure of effective influenza vaccines?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Review
- Mining a differential sialotranscriptome of Rhipicephalus microplus guides antigen discovery to formulate a vaccine that reduces tick infestations.Parasites & vectors · 2017Article
- Genetic and Non-Genetic Inheritance of Natural Antibodies Binding Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin in a Purebred Layer Chicken Line.PloS one · 2015Article
- Chronic parasitic infection maintains high frequencies of short-lived Ly6C+CD4+ effector T cells that are required for protection against re-infection.PLoS pathogens · 2014Article
- Vaccines against tropical parasitic diseases: a persisting answer to a persisting problem.Nature immunology · 2014Article
- Mucosal immune responses predict clinical outcomes during influenza infection independently of age and viral load.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2014Article
- Allergens are not pathogens: why immunization against allergy differs from vaccination against infectious diseases.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Review
- Human memory T cells: generation, compartmentalization and homeostasis.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2014Review
- Live-virus exposure of vaccine-protected macaques alters the anti-HIV-1 antibody repertoire in the absence of viremia.Retrovirology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
So-called 'immunological memory' is, in my view, a typical example where a field of enquiry, i.e. to understand long-term protection to survive reexposure to infection, has been overtaken by 'l'art pour l'art' of 'basic immunology'. The aim of this critical review is to point out some key differences between academic text book-defined immunological memory and protective immunity as viewed from a co-evolutionary point of view, both from the host and the infectious agents. A key conclusion is that 'immunological memory' of course exists, but only in particular experimental laboratory models measuring 'quicker and better' responses after an earlier immunization. These often do correlate with, but are not the key mechanisms of, protection. Protection depends on pre-existing neutralizing antibodies or pre-activated T cells at the time of infection-as documented by the importance of maternal antibodies around birth for survival of the offspring. Importantly, both high levels of antibodies and of activated T cells are antigen driven. This conclusion has serious implications for our thinking about vaccines and maintaining a level of protection in the population to deal with old and new infectious diseases.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.