ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2012
Increases in the availability of prescribed opioids in a Canadian setting.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prescribed pharmaceutical alternatives initiative coinciding with reductions in unregulated street opioid use among young people who use drugs: An interrupted time series analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the availability and retail price of unregulated drugs in Vancouver, Canada: An interrupted time-series analysis, 2018-2022.The International journal on drug policy · 2024Article
- 'Resurgent', 'twin' or 'silent' epidemic? A select data overview and observations on increasing psycho-stimulant use and harms in North America.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2021Article
- The opioid mortality epidemic in North America: do we understand the supply side dynamics of this unprecedented crisis?Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2020Article
- Increasing diversion of methadone in Vancouver, Canada, 2005-2015.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2018Article
- Increasing availability of illicit and prescription opioids among people who inject drugs in a Canadian setting, 2010-2014.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2018Article
- Managing Opioid Addiction Risk in Plastic Surgery during the Perioperative Period.Plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2017Review
- Increasing awareness about HIV prevention among young people who initiated injection drug use in a Canadian setting, 1988-2014.The International journal on drug policy · 2015Article
- The effect of prescription opioid injection on the risk of non-fatal overdose among people who inject drugs.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2015Article
- Drug use patterns predict risk of non-fatal overdose among street-involved youth in a Canadian setting.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2015Article
- Negotiating structural vulnerability following regulatory changes to a provincial methadone program in Vancouver, Canada: A qualitative study.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2015Article
- Prescription opioid use and non-fatal overdose in a cohort of injection drug users.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2015Article
- Factors associated with being asked to initiate someone into injection drug use.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2015Article
- Prevalence and correlates of nonmedical prescription opioid use among a cohort of sex workers in Vancouver, Canada.The International journal on drug policy · 2015Article
- High levels of opioid analgesic co-prescription among methadone maintenance treatment clients in British Columbia, Canada: results from a population-level retrospective cohort study.The American journal on addictionsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe nonmedical use of prescribed opioids (POs) has increased across North America over the past decade. Our objective was to identify changes in the availability of POs and other illicit drugs among drug users in a Canadian setting.
methodsInformation on the availability of illicit drugs was collected in standardized interviews from a large observational research program involving illicit drug users in Vancouver, British Columbia from 2006 to 2010. The primary outcome was the perceived availability of a set of six POs (aspirin/oxycodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone, morphine, acetaminophen/codeine and methadone) among individuals reporting ever using POs. Availability was measured in three levels: not available, delayed availability (available ≥10 min), and immediate availability (available <10 min). Multivariate ordinal logistic regression models were executed to estimate the trend in PO availability, controlling for individual characteristics hypothesized to influence availability.
results1871 individuals were followed during the study period (2006-2010), including 583 (31.2%) women. The availability of POs increased over time, regardless of changes in the characteristics of cohort entrants. These increases were observed while the availability of traditional drugs of abuse (e.g., heroin and cocaine) remained constant. The adjusted odds of delayed availability vs. unavailability were between 34% (hydromorphone) and 71% (acetaminophen/codeine) greater in each calendar year. DISCUSSION: The availability of POs among drug users in a Canadian setting increased markedly over a relatively short timeframe, despite persistent and high availability of heroin and cocaine. Further study is required to determine the context of use of POs, associated harms, as well as policy responses to increasing availability.
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