SynthesisBMC public health2012
Systematic review of diarrhea duration and severity in children and adults in low- and middle-income countries.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 77 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 168 citations in OpenAlex.
- Floods and diarrheal morbidity: Evidence on the relationship, effect modifiers, and attributable risk from Sichuan Province, China.Journal of global health · 2022Pooled it
- Cost of illness for childhood diarrhea in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of evidence and modelled estimates.BMC public health · 2020Pooled it
- Estimating diarrheal illness and deaths attributable to Shigellae and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli among older children, adolescents, and adults in South Asia and Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Pooled it
- Colloidal Silicon Dioxide in Tablet form (Carbowhite) Efficacy in Patients with Acute Diarrhea: Results of Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multi-Center Study.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Mapping paediatric acute gastroenteritis in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, Philippines: a cross-sectional study on prevalence and community risk factors.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific burden of diarrhoeal diseases, their risk factors, and aetiologies, 1990-2021, for 204 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Derivation and validation of a clinical predictive model for longer duration diarrhea among pediatric patients in Kenya using machine learning algorithms.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Article
- Economic cost of a case of diarrhoea in Uvira, Democratic Republic of the Congo: A cost of illness study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- The role of rapid syndromic diagnostic testing of gastrointestinal pathogens as a clinical decision support tool in a pediatric emergency department.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2024Article
- Article
- Spatiotemporal analysis of diarrhea-related hospitalizations of children in Brazil's Midwest region from 2011 to 2020.Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Pharmacomicrobiomics and Drug-Infection Interactions: The Impact of Commensal, Symbiotic and Pathogenic Microorganisms on a Host Response to Drug Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A First in Human Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety and Immunogenicity of Two Intradermally Delivered EnterotoxigenicMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- A comparison of the NIRUDAK models and WHO algorithm for dehydration assessment in older children and adults with acute diarrhoea: a prospective, observational study.The Lancet. Global health · 2023Observational
- Climate Change, Fragility, and Child Mortality; Understanding the Role of Water Access and Diarrheal Disease Amongst Children Under Five During the MDG Era.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2023Article
- Symptoms, Treatment, and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients Coinfected withAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Effects of Ambient Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Precipitation on Diarrhea Incidence in Surabaya.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Exploring the effect of the primary care health workers number on infectious diarrhea morbidity and where the health resources should go.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Development of a diarrhoea severity scoring scale in a passive health facility-based surveillance system.PloS one · 2022Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally; yet the overall burden of diarrhea in terms of duration and severity has not been quantified. As improvements in treatment lead to decreases in diarrhea mortality, it is important to understand the substantial impact of diarrhea morbidity on disability among children and adults worldwide.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review to generate estimates of duration and severity outcomes for individuals 0-59 mos, 5-15 yrs, and ≥ 16 yrs, and for 3 severity indexes: mild, moderate, and severe.
resultsWe estimate that among children under-five, 64.8% of diarrheal episodes are mild, 34.7% are moderate, and 0.5% are severe. On average, mild episodes last 4.3 days, and severe episodes last 8.4 days and cause dehydration in 84.6% of cases. We estimate that among older children and adults, 95% of episodes are mild; 4.95% are moderate; and 0.05% are severe. Among individuals ≥ 16 yrs, severe episodes typically last 2.6 days and cause dehydration in 92.8% of cases.
conclusionsModerate and severe episodes constitute a substantial portion of the total envelope of diarrhea among children under-five (35.2%; about 588 million episodes). Among older children and adults, moderate and severe episodes account for a much smaller proportion of the total envelope of diarrhea (5%), but the absolute number of such episodes is noteworthy (about 21.5 million episodes among individuals ≥ 16 yrs). Hence, the global burden of diarrhea consists of significant morbidity, extending beyond episodes progressing to death.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.