ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2012
Extensive genetic diversity, unique population structure and evidence of genetic exchange in the sexually transmitted parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Trichomonas vaginalis strain diversity among female sex workers in Ecuador using DNA sequence-based typing.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Chromatin accessibility and gene expression in the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
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- Biomolecular Characterization ofBiology · 2025Article
- Microbial Matryoshka: Addressing the Relationship between Pathogenic Flagellated Protozoans and Their RNA Viral Endosymbionts (FamilyVeterinary sciences · 2024Review
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- Imidazole Carbamates as a Promising Alternative for Treating Trichomoniasis: In Vitro Effects on the Growth and Gene Expression ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Trichomonas vaginalis adherence phenotypes and extracellular vesicles impact parasite survival in a novel in vivo model of pathogenesis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Genetic Variability of the Internal Transcribed Spacer and Pyruvate:Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase Partial Gene ofMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Identification ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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- Prevalence and Genotype ofJournal of tropical medicine · 2023Article
- Presence of CRISPR CAS-Like Sequences as a Proposed Mechanism for Horizontal Genetic Exchanges between Trichomonas vaginalis and Its Associated Virus: A Comparative Genomic Analysis with the First Report of a Putative CRISPR CAS Structures in Eukaryotic Cells.BioMed research international · 2023Article
- Molecular characterization of Trichomonas infections in women of Ilam City, southwestern Iran.Parasitology research · 2022Article
- Involvement of Macrophages in Proliferation of Prostate Cancer Cells Infected with Trichomonas vaginalis.The Korean journal of parasitology · 2021Article
- High Co-Infection Rate ofHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Distribution of genotypes in relation to metronidazole susceptibility patterns in Trichomonas vaginalis isolated from South African pregnant women.Parasitology research · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTrichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of human trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection world-wide. Despite its prevalence, little is known about the genetic diversity and population structure of this haploid parasite due to the lack of appropriate tools. The development of a panel of microsatellite makers and SNPs from mining the parasite's genome sequence has paved the way to a global analysis of the genetic structure of the pathogen and association with clinical phenotypes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsHere we utilize a panel of T. vaginalis-specific genetic markers to genotype 235 isolates from Mexico, Chile, India, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Italy, Africa and the United States, including 19 clinical isolates recently collected from 270 women attending New York City sexually transmitted disease clinics. Using population genetic analysis, we show that T. vaginalis is a genetically diverse parasite with a unique population structure consisting of two types present in equal proportions world-wide. Parasites belonging to the two types (type 1 and type 2) differ significantly in the rate at which they harbor the T. vaginalis virus, a dsRNA virus implicated in parasite pathogenesis, and in their sensitivity to the widely-used drug, metronidazole. We also uncover evidence of genetic exchange, indicating a sexual life-cycle of the parasite despite an absence of morphologically-distinct sexual stages. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our study represents the first robust and comprehensive evaluation of global T. vaginalis genetic diversity and population structure. Our identification of a unique two-type structure, and the clinically relevant phenotypes associated with them, provides a new dimension for understanding T. vaginalis pathogenesis. In addition, our demonstration of the possibility of genetic exchange in the parasite has important implications for genetic research and control of the disease.
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