ArticlePloS one2012
Cell recovery in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in smokers is dependent on cumulative smoking history.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Suction pressure levels during bronchial obstruction are related to bronchoalveolar lavage recovery failure: A clinical trial.Medicine · 2025Trial
- Smoking-associated increase in mucins 1 and 4 in human airways.Respiratory research · 2020Trial
- Patterns of bronchoalveolar lavage in fibrotic and non-fibrotic interstitial lung diseases - a multicenter analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- The effect of long-term e-cigarette use on the inflammation marker fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO): A systematic review and meta-analysis.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Review
- Dynamics of pulmonary mucosal cytotoxic CD8 T-cells in people living with HIV under suppressive antiretroviral therapy.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- Lipid-Laden Macrophages in Pulmonary Diseases.Cells · 2024Review
- Tobacco smoke exposure recruits inflammatory airspace monocytes that establish permissive lung niches forScience translational medicine · 2023Article
- Protease-armed, Pathogenic Extracellular Vesicles Link Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2023Article
- Mucins 3A and 3B Are Expressed in the Epithelium of Human Large Airway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Observational
- Optimising the yield from bronchoalveolar lavage on human participants in infectious disease immunology research.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Cigarette smoke depletes alveolar macrophages and delays clearance ofAmerican journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2023Article
- Optimising the yield from bronchoalveolar lavage on human participants in infectious disease immunology research.Research square · 2023Article
- Liver X receptors and estrogen receptor β, two players in a rare subtype of NSCLC.International journal of biological sciences · 2023Article
- Review
- Increased cytotoxic T-cells in the airways of adults with former bronchopulmonary dysplasia.The European respiratory journal · 2022Article
- Blocking P2X purinoceptor 4 signalling alleviates cigarette smoke induced pulmonary inflammation.Respiratory research · 2022Article
- Longitudinal assessment of reactivity and affinity profile of anti-Jo1 autoantibodies to distinct HisRS domains and a splice variant in a cohort of patients with myositis and anti-synthetase syndrome.Arthritis research & therapy · 2022Article
- Review
- Analysis of predicted factors for bronchoalveolar lavage recovery failure: An observational study.PloS one · 2022Observational
- Effect of Nicotine on STAT1 Pathway and Oxidative Stress in Rat Lungs.Reports of biochemistry & molecular biology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSmoking is a risk factor for various lung diseases in which BAL may be used as a part of a clinical investigation. Interpretation of BAL fluid cellularity is however difficult due to high variability, in particular among smokers. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of smoking on BAL cellular components in asymptomatic smokers. The effects of smoking cessation, age and gender were also investigated in groups of smokers and exsmokers.
methodsWe performed a retrospective review of BAL findings, to our knowledge the largest single center investigation, in our department from 1999 to 2009. One hundred thirty two current smokers (48 males and 84 females) and 44 ex-smokers (16 males and 28 females) were included. A group of 295 (132 males and 163 females) never-smokers served as reference.
resultThe median [5-95 pctl] total number of cells and cell concentration in current smokers were 63.4 [28.6-132.1]×10(6) and 382.1 [189.7-864.3]×10(6)/L respectively and correlated positively to the cumulative smoking history. Macrophages were the predominant cell type (96.7% [90.4-99.0]) followed by lymphocytes (2% [0.8-7.7]) and neutrophils (0.6% [0-2.9]). The concentration of all inflammatory cells was increased in smokers compared to never smokers and ex-smokers. BAL fluid recovery was negatively correlated with age (p<0.001). Smoking men had a lower BAL fluid recovery than smoking women.
conclusionSmoking has a profound effect on BAL fluid cellularity, which is dependent on smoking history. Our results performed on a large group of current smokers and ex-smokers in a well standardized way, can contribute to better interpretation of BAL fluid cellularity in clinical context.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.