Trial reportPLoS medicine2012
No treatment versus 24 or 60 weeks of antiretroviral treatment during primary HIV infection: the randomized Primo-SHM trial.
Trial report in PLoS medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunological and virological benefits resulted from short-course treatment during primary HIV infection: a meta-analysis.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- Long-term effect of temporary ART initiated during primary HIV-1 infection on viral persistence.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Cell-associated HIV-1 RNA predicts viral rebound and disease progression after discontinuation of temporary early ART.JCI insight · 2020Trial
- A randomized controlled safety/efficacy trial of therapeutic vaccination in HIV-infected individuals who initiated antiretroviral therapy early in infection.Science translational medicine · 2017Trial
- Longitudinal dynamics of the HIV-specific B cell response during intermittent treatment of primary HIV infection.PloS one · 2017Trial
- A lower viral set point but little immunological impact after early treatment during primary HIV infection.Viral immunology · 2015Trial
- A Randomized Trial of Time-Limited Antiretroviral Therapy in Acute/Early HIV Infection.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Early time-limited antiretroviral therapy versus deferred therapy in South African infants infected with HIV: results from the children with HIV early antiretroviral (CHER) randomised trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2013Trial
- Short-course antiretroviral therapy in primary HIV infection.The New England journal of medicine · 2013Trial
- Symptomatic illness and low CD4 cell count at HIV seroconversion as markers of severe primary HIV infection.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Early intervention, lasting impact: benefits of early antiretroviral therapy and implications for posttreatment control.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
- Antiretroviral Therapy Within 2 Years of HIV Acquisition Is Associated With Fewer Viral Blips: A Retrospective Analysis of More Than 20 Years of Data From the US Military HIV Natural History Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Article
- Soluble CD14 and IL-12p70 on early antiretroviral therapy predict HIV load setpoint after treatment interruption.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Acute HIV-1 Infection: Paradigm and Singularity.Viruses · 2025Review
- Article
- Efficacy, pharmacokinetics and neurocognitive performance of dual, NRTI-sparing antiretroviral therapy in acute HIV-infection.AIDS (London, England) · 2020Article
- Limited Knowledge and Lack of Screening for Acute HIV Infection at Primary Care Clinics in High-Prevalence Communities of New York City.AIDS and behavior · 2019Article
- Integrase strand-transfer inhibitors for treatment of early HIV infection: A case series.Medicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe objective of this study was to assess the benefit of temporary combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) during primary HIV infection (PHI). METHODS AND
findingsAdult patients with laboratory evidence of PHI were recruited in 13 HIV treatment centers in the Netherlands and randomly assigned to receive no treatment or 24 or 60 wk of cART (allocation in a 1∶1∶1 ratio); if therapy was clinically indicated, participants were randomized over the two treatment arms (allocation in a 1∶1 ratio). Primary end points were (1) viral set point, defined as the plasma viral load 36 wk after randomization in the no treatment arm and 36 wk after treatment interruption in the treatment arms, and (2) the total time that patients were off therapy, defined as the time between randomization and start of cART in the no treatment arm, and the time between treatment interruption and restart of cART in the treatment arms. cART was (re)started in case of confirmed CD4 cell count < 350 cells/mm(3) or symptomatic HIV disease. In total, 173 participants were randomized. The modified intention-to-treat analysis comprised 168 patients: 115 were randomized over the three study arms, and 53 randomized over the two treatment arms. Of the 115 patients randomized over the three study arms, mean viral set point was 4.8 (standard deviation 0.6) log(10) copies/ml in the no treatment arm, and 4.0 (1.0) and 4.3 (0.9) log(10) copies/ml in the 24- and 60-wk treatment arms (between groups: p < 0.001). The median total time off therapy in the no treatment arm was 0.7 (95% CI 0.0-1.8) y compared to 3.0 (1.9-4.2) and 1.8 (0.5-3.0) y in the 24- and 60-wk treatment arms (log rank test, p < 0.001). In the adjusted Cox analysis, both 24 wk (hazard ratio 0.42 [95% CI 0.25-0.73]) and 60 wk of early treatment (hazard ratio 0.55 [0.32-0.95]) were associated with time to (re)start of cART.
conclusionsIn this trial, temporary cART during PHI was found to transiently lower the viral set point and defer the restart of cART during chronic HIV infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.