ArticleThe Behavior analyst1998
Visual inspection of data revisited: Do the eyes still have it?
Article in The Behavior analyst, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Generalized Linear Mixed Effects Modeling (GLMM) of Functional Analysis Graphical Construction Elements on Visual Analysis.Perspectives on behavior science · 2024Article
- Assumption-checking rather than (just) testing: The importance of visualization and effect size in statistical diagnostics.Behavior research methods · 2024Article
- On the validity of interpreting functional analyses of inappropriate mealtime behavior using structured criteria.Journal of applied behavior analysis · 2022Article
- Environmental cues for healthy food marketing: The importance of in-store research into three conversions.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Informal versus formal judgment of statistical models: The case of normality assumptions.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2021Review
- Systematic Protocols for the Visual Analysis of Single-Case Research Data.Behavior analysis in practice · 2019Article
- An Overview of Scientific Reproducibility: Consideration of Relevant Issues for Behavior Science/Analysis.Perspectives on behavior science · 2019Article
- Predictive validity and efficiency of ongoing visual-inspection criteria for interpreting functional analyses.Journal of applied behavior analysis · 2018Article
- Consistent visual analyses of intrasubject data.Journal of applied behavior analysis · 2010Article
- Assessment and treatment of autism.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2005Review
- Statistical inference in behavior analysis: Environmental determinants?The Behavior analyst · 1999Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In behavior analysis, visual inspection of graphic information is the standard by which data are evaluated. Efforts to supplement visual inspection using inferential statistical procedures to assess intervention effects (e.g., analysis of variance or time-series analysis) have met with opposition. However, when serial dependence is present in the data, the use of visual inspection by itself may prove to be problematic. Previously published reports demonstrate that autocorrelated data influence trained observers' ability to identify level treatment effects and trends that occur in the intervention phase of experiments. In this report, four recent studies are presented in which autoregressive equations were used to produce point-to-point functions to simulate experimental data. In each study, various parameters were manipulated to assess trained observers' responses to changes in point-to-point functions from the baseline condition to intervention. Level shifts over baseline behavior (treatment effect), as well as no change from baseline (no treatment effect or trend), were most readily identified by observers, but trends were rarely recognized. Furthermore, other factors previously thought to augment and improve observers' responses had no impact. Results are discussed in terms of the use of visual inspection and the training of behavior analysts.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.