ReviewThe oncologist2012
Hypophysitis induced by monoclonal antibodies to cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4: challenges from a new cause of a rare disease.
Review in The oncologist, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Real world incidence, predictors and outcomes of endocrine immune-related adverse events following immune checkpoint inhibitors.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Management, biomarkers and prognosis in people developing endocrinopathies associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Managing Select Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- Drawbacks of immune checkpoint inhibition and rigorous management for immune-related adverse events along with a mathematical model to assess therapy success and optimum therapy duration and a strategy against tumor plasticity.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Review
- Endocrine toxicity of cancer immunotherapy: clinical challenges.Endocrine connections · 2021Review
- Review
- Predicting development of ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis: utility of T4 and TSH index but not TSH.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2021Article
- Diagnosis and management of immune-related adverse effects of immune checkpoint therapy in the emergency department.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2020Article
- Management of endocrine immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: an updated review.Endocrine connections · 2020Review
- Immunotoxicity from checkpoint inhibitor therapy: clinical features and underlying mechanisms.Immunology · 2020Review
- Article
- Endocrine Toxicity of Cancer Immunotherapy Targeting Immune Checkpoints.Endocrine reviews · 2019Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for pediatric cancers: A mini review of endocrine adverse events.Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology · 2019Article
- Immunotherapy-induced endocrinopathies: assessment, management and monitoring.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2019Review
- An unsuspected complication with immune checkpoint blockade: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2018Article
- Cancer immunotherapy - immune checkpoint blockade and associated endocrinopathies.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2017Review
- Xanthomatous Hypophysitis Is Associated with Ruptured Rathke's Cleft Cyst.Endocrine pathology · 2017Article
- Genetic risk analysis of a patient with fulminant autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus secondary to combination ipilimumab and nivolumab immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2016Article
- Immune-mediated adverse events of anticytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 antibody therapy in metastatic melanoma.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2015Review
- Ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis: review of the literature.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Specific human monoclonal antibodies antagonize cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (anti-CTLA-4 mAbs), a negative regulator of the immune system, inducing unrestrained T-cell activation. In patients with advanced or metastatic melanoma, one of these agents, ipilimumab, produced considerable disease control rates and, for the first time, a clear improvement in overall survival outcomes. However, accumulating clinical experience with anti-CTLA-4 mAbs identified a novel syndrome of autoimmune and autoinflammatory side effects, designated as "immune-related adverse events," including mainly rash, colitis, and hepatitis. Autoimmune hypophysitis has emerged as a distinctive side effect induced by anti-CTLA-4 mAbs. This condition may be life threatening because of adrenal insufficiency if not promptly recognized, but it may easily be diagnosed and treated if clinically suspected. Hypopituitarism caused by these agents is rarely reversible and prolonged or life-long substitutive hormonal treatment is often required. The precise mechanism of injury to the pituitary triggered by anti-CTLA-4 mAbs is yet to be fully elucidated.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.