ArticleGene therapy2013
Using clinically approved cyclophosphamide regimens to control the humoral immune response to oncolytic viruses.
Article in Gene therapy, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preclinical efficacy of oncolytic VSV-IFNβ in treating cancer: A systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Neural stem cell delivery of oncolytic CRAd-S-pk7 immunotherapy for stage 3 ovarian cancer: Dose-regimen studies.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Tumor-directed evolution of VSVΔ51M produces novel viruses with enhanced antitumor efficacy.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Article
- The effect of molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir on SARS-CoV-2 genome diversity in severe models of COVID-19.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Combination with oxaliplatin improves abscopal effect of oncolytic virotherapy through reorganization of intratumoral macrophages.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Tutorial: design, production and testing of oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapy.Nature protocols · 2024Review
- Advances in cell-based delivery of oncolytic viruses as therapy for lung cancer.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2024Review
- Article
- Oncolytic Viruses in the Era of Omics, Computational Technologies, and Modeling: Thesis, Antithesis, and Synthesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The CAR macrophage cells, a novel generation of chimeric antigen-based approach against solid tumors.Biomarker research · 2023Review
- Oncolytic virotherapy with intratumoral injection of vaccinia virus TG6002 and 5-fluorocytosine administration in dogs with malignant tumors.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2023Article
- Article
- Therapy with oncolytic viruses: progress and challenges.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2023Review
- Mesenchymal stem cell-released oncolytic virus: an innovative strategy for cancer treatment.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- Emerging Nano-/Biotechnology Drives Oncolytic Virus-Activated and Combined Cancer Immunotherapy.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2023Article
- Immune-Enhancing Effect ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Combination therapy with CAR T cells and oncolytic viruses: a new era in cancer immunotherapy.Cancer gene therapy · 2022Review
- Approaches to identifying drug resistance mechanisms to clinically relevant treatments in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2022Article
- Review
- Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses can be neutralized in the bloodstream by antiviral antibodies whose titers increase progressively with each exposure, resulting in faster virus inactivation and further reductions in efficacy with each successive dose. A single dose of cyclophosphamide (CPA) at 370 mg m(-2) was not sufficient to control the primary antiviral immune responses in mice, squirrel monkeys and humans. We therefore tested clinically approved multidose CPA regimens, which are known to kill proliferating lymphocytes, to determine if more intensive CPA therapy can more effectively suppress antiviral antibody responses during virotherapy. In virus-susceptible mice, primary antibody responses to intravenously (i.v.) administered oncolytic measles virus (MV) or vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) were partially or completely suppressed, respectively, by oral (1 mg × 8 days) or systemic (3 mg × 4 days) CPA regimens initiated 1 day before virus. When MV- or VSV-immune mice were re-challenged with the respective viruses and concurrently treated with four daily systemic doses of CPA, their anamnestic antibody responses were completely suppressed and antiviral antibody titers fell significantly below pre-booster levels. We conclude that the CPA regimen of four daily doses at 370 mg m(-2) should be evaluated clinically with i.v. virotherapy to control the antiviral antibody response and facilitate effective repeat dosing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.